The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
θωμασP5 · P66 | Thomas | Θωμᾶς | Thomas | θωμας | | | thomas | Thomas | Thomas | ܬܐܘܡܐ | Thomas | Θωμᾶς | Thomas | |||||
εισP5 · P66 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | however | |||||
εκP5 · P66 | one | εἷς | one | εις | | | unus | unus | one | ܚܕ | one | εἷς | one | |||||
τωνP5 · P66 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | ex | ex | of | ܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
δωδεκαP5 · P66 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | i | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
οP5 · P66 | Twelve | δώδεκα | Twelve | — | | | ·xii | duodecim | Twelve | ܬܪܥܤܪܬܐ | Twelve | δώδεκα | Twelve | |||||
λεγομενοσP5 · P66 | who | ὁ | who | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | who | |||||
διδυμοσP5 · P66 | is being named | λεγόμενος | is being named | λεγομενος | | | qui | qui | is being named | ܗܘ | is being named | λεγόμενος | is being named | |||||
ουκP5 · P66 | Didymus | Δίδυμος | Didymus | διδυμος | | | dicitur | dicitur | Didymus | ܕܡܬܐܡܪ | Didymus | Δίδυμος | Didymus | |||||
ηνP5 · P66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | didymus | Didymus | not | ܬܐܡܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
μετP5 · P66 | was | ἦν | was | ην | | | non | non | was | ܠܐ | was | ἦν | was | |||||
αυτωνP5 · P66 | with | μετ᾽ | with | μετ | | | erat | erat | with | ܗܘܐ | with | μετ’ | with | |||||
οτεP5 · P66 | them | αὐτῶν | them | αυτων | | | cum | cum | them | ܬܡܢ | them | αὐτῶν | them | |||||
ουνP5 · P66 | when | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | eis | eis | when | ܗܘܐ | when | ὅτε | when | |||||
ηλθενP5 · P66 | came | ἦλθεν | came | ηλθεν | | | quando | quando | came | ܥܡܗܘܢ | came | ἦλθεν | came | |||||
ιησP5 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | ihs | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
Ἰησοῦς.P5 · P66 | Jesus. | Ἰησοῦς. | Jesus. | — | | | uenit | venit | Jesus. | ܟܕ | Jesus. | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||