The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ελεγονP5 · P66 | Were saying | ἔλεγον | Were saying | ελεγον | | | dicebat | Dixerunt | Were saying | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | Were saying | Ἔλεγον | Were saying | |||||
αυτωP5 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܠܗ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οιP5 · P66 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | — | ei | to him | — | — | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
μαθηταιP5 · P66 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
εωρακαμενP5 · P66 | other | ἄλλοι | other | αλλοι | | | alii | alii | other | ܬܠܡܝܕܐ | other | ἄλλοι | other | |||||
τονP5 · P66 | disciples; | μαθηταί· | disciples; | μαθηται | | | discipuli | discipuli | disciples; | ܚܙܝܢ | disciples; | μαθηταί | disciples; | |||||
κνP5 · P66 | We have seen | ἑωράκαμεν | We have seen | εωρακαμεν | | | uidimus | Vidimus | We have seen | ܠܡܪܢ | We have seen | Ἑωράκαμεν | We have seen | |||||
οP5 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
δεP5 · P66 | Lord. | κύριον. | Lord. | κν | | | dom | Dominum | Lord. | — | — | κύριον | Lord. | |||||
ειπενP5 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
αυτοισP5 · P66 | But | δὲ | But | δε | | | illi | Ille | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | |||||
εανP5 · P66 | he said | εἶπεν | he said | ειπεν | | | ad | autem | he said | ܕܝܢ | he said | εἶπεν | he said | |||||
μηP5 · P66 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | dixit | dixit | to them; | — | — | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
ιδωP5 · P66 | Only | ἐὰν | Only | εαν | | | — | eis | Only | ܐܡܪ | Only | Ἐὰν | Only | |||||
ενP5 · P66 | unless | μὴ | unless | μη | | | ille | Nisi | unless | ܠܗܘܢ | unless | μὴ | unless | |||||
ταισP5 · P66 | I shall see | ἴδω | I shall see | ειδω | | | uidero | videro | I shall see | ܐܠܐ | I shall see | ἴδω | I shall see | |||||
χερσινP5 · P66 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | in | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | |||||
αυτουP5 · P66 | the | ταῖς | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ταῖς | the | |||||
τυπονP5 · P66 | hands | χερσὶν | hands | — | | | manus | manibus | hands | ܚܙܐ | hands | χερσὶν | hands | |||||
αὐτοῦP5 · P66 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | — | | | eius | ejus | of Him | ܐܢܐ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
τὸνP5 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | — | | | illis | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
τύπονP5 · P66 | mark | τύπον | mark | — | | | — | fixuram | mark | ܒܐܝܕܘܗܝ | mark | τύπον | mark | |||||
τῶνP5 · P66 | of the | τῶν | of the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
ἥλωνP5 · P66 | nails | ἥλων | nails | — | | | si | — | — | — | — | ἥλων | nails | |||||
καὶP5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | clauorum | clavorum | and | ܕܘܟܝܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
βάλωP5 · P66 | shall put | βάλω | shall put | — | | | et | et | shall put | ܕܨܨܐ | shall put | βάλω | shall put | |||||
τὸνP5 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
δάκτυλόνP5 · P66 | finger | δάκτυλόν | finger | — | | | mittam | mittam | finger | ܘܪܡܐ | finger | δάκτυλόν | finger | |||||
μουP5 · P66 | of mine | μου | of mine | — | | | figuram | digitum | of mine | — | — | μου | of mine | |||||
εἰςP5 · P66 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | meum | into | ܐܢܐ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τὸνP5 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | — | | | dicitum | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
τύπονP5 · P66 | mark | τύπον | mark | — | | | in | in | mark | ܒܗܝܢ | mark | τύπον | mark | |||||
τῶνP5 · P66 | of the | τῶν | of the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
ἥλωνP5 · P66 | nails | ἥλων | nails | — | | | — | locum | nails | ܨܒܥܬܝ | nails | ἥλων | nails | |||||
καὶP5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | clauorum | clavorum | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
βάλωP5 · P66 | shall put | βάλω | shall put | — | | | et | et | shall put | ܘܡܘܫܛ | shall put | βάλω | shall put | |||||
μουP5 · P66 | my | μου | my | — | | | mittam | mittam | my | ܐܢܐ | my | τὴν | my | |||||
τὴνP5 · P66 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | — | | | figuram | — | — | — | — | χεῖρά | <the> | |||||
χεῖραP5 · P66 | hand | χεῖρα | hand | χειρας | | | manus | manum | hand | — | — | μου | hand | |||||
εἰςP5 · P66 | into | εἰς | into | — | | | — | meam | into | ܐܝܕܝ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τὴνP5 · P66 | the | τὴν | the | — | | | non | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
πλευρὰνP5 · P66 | side | πλευρὰν | side | — | | | in | in | side | ܒܕܦܢܗ | side | πλευρὰν | side | |||||
αὐτοῦ,P5 · P66 | of Him, | αὐτοῦ, | of Him, | αυτου | | | latus | latus | of Him, | ܠܐ | of Him, | αὐτοῦ | of Him, | |||||
οὐP5 · P66 | certainly | οὐ | certainly | ου | | | eius | ejus | certainly | — | — | οὐ | certainly | |||||
μὴP5 · P66 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܡܗܝܡܢ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
πιστεύσω.¶P5 · P66 | shall I believe. | πιστεύσω.¶ | shall I believe. | πιστευσω | | | credam | credam | shall I believe. | ܐܢܐ | shall I believe. | πιστεύσω | shall I believe. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||