The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εξηλθενP60 · P66 · P90 | Went forth | Ἐξῆλθεν | Went forth | εξηλθεν | | | exiit | Exivit | Went forth | ܘܢܦܩ | Went forth | Ἐξῆλθεν | Went forth | |||||
ουνP60 · P66 · P90 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܝܫܘܥ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οP60 · P66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ισP60 · P66 · P90 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܠܒܪ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
εξωP60 · P66 · P90 | outside | ἔξω | outside | εξω | | | portans | portans | outside | ܟܕ | outside | ἔξω | outside | |||||
εχωνP60 · P66 · P90 | wearing | φορῶν | wearing | φορων | | | coronam | coronam | wearing | ܐܝܬ | wearing | φορῶν | wearing | |||||
τονP60 · P66 · P90 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
ακανθινονP60 · P66 · P90 | thorny | ἀκάνθινον | thorny | ακανθινον | | | spineam | spineam | thorny | ܥܠܘܗܝ | thorny | ἀκάνθινον | thorny | |||||
στεφανονP60 · P66 · P90 | crown | στέφανον | crown | στεφανον | | | et | et | crown | ܟܠܝܠܐ | crown | στέφανον | crown | |||||
καιP60 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | — | — | ܕܟܘܒܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τοP60 · P66 · P90 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πορφυρουνP60 · P66 · P90 | purple | πορφυροῦν | purple | πορφυρουν | | | purpureum | purpureum | purple | ܘܢܚܬܐ | purple | πορφυροῦν | purple | |||||
ιματιονP60 · P66 · P90 | robe. | ἱμάτιον. | robe. | ϊματιον | | | uestimentum | vestimentum | robe. | ܕܐܪܓܘܢܐ | robe. | ἱμάτιον | robe. | |||||
καὶP60 · P66 · P90 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
λέγειP60 · P66 · P90 | he says | λέγει | he says | λεγει | | | dicit | dicit | he says | ܠܗܘܢ | he says | λέγει | he says | |||||
αὐτοῖς·P60 · P66 · P90 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | eis | eis | to them; | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
ἰδοὺP60 · P66 · P90 | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | — | | | ecce | Ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | Ἴδε | behold | |||||
ὁP60 · P66 · P90 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
ἄνθρωπος.P60 · P66 · P90 | man! | ἄνθρωπος. | man! | — | | | homo | homo | man! | ܓܒܪܐ | man! | ἄνθρωπος | man! | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||