The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εξηλθενP66 · P90 | And | Καὶ | And | — | | | exiit | Exivit | And | ܘܢܦܩ | And | Ἐξῆλθεν | And | |||||
ουνP66 · P90 | went forth | ἐξῆλθεν | went forth | εξηλθεν | | | dixit | ergo | went forth | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | went forth | οὖν | went forth | |||||
παλινP66 · P90 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | — | | | iterum | iterum | therefore | ܬܘܒ | therefore | πάλιν | therefore | |||||
εξωP66 · P90 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | pilatus | Pilatus | again | ܠܒܪ | again | ἔξω | again | |||||
οP66 · P90 | outside | ἔξω | outside | εξω | | | foras | foras | outside | ܘܐܡܪ | outside | ὁ | outside | |||||
πειλατοσP66 · P90 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Πιλάτος | <the> | |||||
καιP66 · P90 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | et | et | Pilate | — | — | καὶ | Pilate | |||||
λεγειP66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | dicit | and | ܠܗܘܢ | and | λέγει | and | |||||
αυτοισP66 · P90 | he says | λέγει | he says | λεγει | | | eis | eis | he says | ܗܐ | he says | αὐτοῖς | he says | |||||
ιδεP66 · P90 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | ecce | Ecce | to them; | ܡܦܩ | to them; | Ἴδε | to them; | |||||
αγωP66 · P90 | Behold | ἴδε | Behold | ϊδε | | | adduco | adduco | Behold | ܐܢܐ | Behold | ἄγω | Behold | |||||
υμεινP66 · P90 | I bring | ἄγω | I bring | αγω | | | — | — | — | ܠܗ | I bring | ὑμῖν | I bring | |||||
αυτονP66 · P90 | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμιν | | | uobis | vobis | to you | ܠܟܘܢ | to you | αὐτὸν | to you | |||||
εξωP66 · P90 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܠܒܪ | Him | ἔξω | Him | |||||
ιναP66 · P90 | out, | ἔξω, | out, | εξω | | | foras | foras | out, | ܕܬܕܥܘܢ | out, | ἵνα | out, | |||||
γνωτεP66 · P90 | so that | ἵνα | so that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | so that | ܕܠܐ | so that | γνῶτε | so that | |||||
οτιP66 · P90 | you may know | γνῶτε | you may know | γνωτε | | | cognatis | cognoscatis | you may know | ܡܫܟܚ | you may know | ὅτι | you may know | |||||
αιτιανP66 · P90 | that | ὅτι | that | — | | | quia | quia | that | — | — | ἐν | that | |||||
ενP66 · P90 | no thing | οὐδεμίαν | no thing | — | | | nullam | nullam | no thing | ܐܢܐ | no thing | αὐτῷ | no thing | |||||
αυτωP66 · P90 | guilt | αἰτίαν | guilt | — | | | in | invenio | guilt | ܒܬܪܗ | guilt | οὐδεμίαν | guilt | |||||
ουχP66 · P90 | I find | εὑρίσκω | I find | — | | | inuenio | in | I find | ܐܦܠܐ | I find | αἰτίαν | I find | |||||
ευρισκωP66 · P90 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | eo | eo | in | ܚܕܐ | in | εὑρίσκω | in | |||||
αὐτῷ.¶P66 · P90 | Him. | αὐτῷ.¶ | Him. | αυτω | | | causam | causam | Him. | ܥܠܬܐ | Him. | αὐτῷ.¶ | Him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||