The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP60 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ηρχοντοP60 · P66 · P90 | they were coming up | ἤρχοντο | they were coming up | — | | | ueniebant | veniebant | they were coming up | ܗܘܘ | they were coming up | ἔλεγον | they were coming up | |||||
προσP60 · P66 · P90 | to | πρὸς | to | — | | | ad | ad | to | ܫܠܡ | to | Χαῖρε | to | |||||
αυτονP60 · P66 · P90 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | — | | | eum | eum | Him | — | — | ὁ | Him | |||||
καιP60 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܠܟ | and | βασιλεὺς | and | |||||
ελεγονP60 · P66 · P90 | were saying; | ἔλεγον· | were saying; | ελεγον | | | dicebant | dicebant | were saying; | ܡܠܟܐ | were saying; | τῶν | were saying; | |||||
χαιρεP60 · P66 · P90 | Hail! | χαῖρε, | Hail! | χαιρε | | | haue | Ave | Hail! | ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Hail! | Ἰουδαίων | Hail! | |||||
βασιλευP60 · P66 · P90 | O | ὁ | O | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | καὶ | O | |||||
τωνP60 · P66 · P90 | King | βασιλεὺς | King | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | King | ܘܡܚܝܢ | King | ἐδίδουν | King | |||||
ιουδαιωνP60 · P66 · P90 | of the | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | αὐτῷ | of the | |||||
καιP60 · P66 · P90 | Jews! | Ἰουδαίων. | Jews! | ιουδαιων | | | iudaeorum | Judæorum | Jews! | ܗܘܘ | Jews! | ῥαπίσματα | Jews! | |||||
εδιδοσανP60 · P66 · P90 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | — | — | καὶ | And | |||||
αυτωP60 · P66 · P90 | they were giving | ἐδίδοσαν | they were giving | — | | | dabant | dabant | they were giving | ܠܗ | they were giving | ἐδίδουν | they were giving | |||||
ραπισματαP60 · P66 · P90 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to Him | ܥܠ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
ῥαπίσματα.¶P60 · P66 · P90 | blows with the palm. | ῥαπίσματα.¶ | blows with the palm. | ραπισματα | | | alapas | alapas | blows with the palm. | ܦܟܘܗܝ | blows with the palm. | ῥαπίσματα.¶ | blows with the palm. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||