The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οτεP66 | When | ὅτε | When | οτε | | | cum | Cum | When | ܟܕ | When | Ὅτε | When | |||||
ουνP66 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | then | ܕܝܢ | then | οὖν | then | |||||
ελαβενP66 | took | ἔλαβεν | took | ελαβεν | | | accepisset | accepisset | took | ܫܩܠ | took | ἔλαβεν | took | |||||
τοP66 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | est | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
οξοσP66 | sour wine | ὄξος | sour wine | οξος | | | acetum | acetum | vinegar | ܗܘ | sour wine | ὄξος | sour wine | |||||
οP66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ισP66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܚܠܐ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ειπενP66 | He said; | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | He said; | ܝܫܘܥ | He said; | εἶπεν | He said; | |||||
τετελεσταιP66 | It has been finished. | τετέλεσται. | It has been finished. | — | | | consummatum | Consummatum est | it is finished | ܐܡܪ | It has been finished. | Τετέλεσται | It has been finished. | |||||
καιP66 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | and | ܗܐ | And | καὶ | And | |||||
κλινασP66 | having bowed | κλίνας | having bowed | κλινας | | | inclinato | inclinato | having bowed | ܡܫܠܡ | having bowed | κλίνας | having bowed | |||||
τηνP66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
κεφαληνP66 | head | κεφαλὴν | head | — | | | capite | capite | head | ܘܐܪܟܢ | head | κεφαλήν | head | |||||
παρεδωκενP66 | He yielded up | παρέδωκεν | He yielded up | παρεδωκεν | | | tradidit | tradidit | gave up | ܪܫܗ | He yielded up | παρέδωκεν | He yielded up | |||||
τοP66 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πναP66 | spirit. | πνεῦμα.¶ | spirit. | πνα | | | spm | spiritum | spirit | ܘܐܫܠܡ | spirit. | πνεῦμα | spirit. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||