Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
οιP66		<the>	Οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Οἱ	<the>
ουνP66		Therefore	οὖν	Therefore	ουν	\|	iudaei	Judæi	Therefore	ܝܗܘܕܝܐ	Therefore	οὖν	Therefore
ιουδαιοιP66		the Jews,	Ἰουδαῖοι,	the Jews,	ϊουδαιοι	\|	ergo	ergo	the Jews,	ܕܝܢ	the Jews,	Ἰουδαῖοι	the Jews,
επιP66		since	ἐπεὶ	since	—	\|	quoniam	quoniam	since	ܡܛܠ	since	ἵνα	since
παρασκευηP66		the Preparation	παρασκευὴ	the Preparation	—	\|	parasceue	parasceve	the Preparation	ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ	the Preparation	μὴ	the Preparation
ηνP66		was,	ἦν,	was,	—	\|	erat	erat	was,	ܗܘܬ	was,	μείνῃ	was,
ιναP66		so that	ἵνα	so that	ϊνα	\|	ut	ut	so that	ܐܡܪܝܢ	so that	ἐπὶ	so that
μηP66		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	τοῦ	not
μεινηP66		may remain	μείνῃ	may remain	μινητ	\|	remanerent	remanerent	may remain	ܢܒܘܬܘܢ	may remain	σταυροῦ	may remain
επιP66		on	ἐπὶ	on	επι	\|	in	in	on	ܦܓܪܐ	on	τὰ	on
τουP66		the	τοῦ	the	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	σώματα	the
σουP66		cross	σταυροῦ	cross	—	\|	cruce	cruce	cross	ܗܠܝܢ	cross	ἐν	cross
ταP66		the	τὰ	the	τα	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῷ	the
σωματαP66		bodies	σώματα	bodies	σωματα	\|	corpora	corpora	bodies	ܥܠ	bodies	σαββάτῳ	bodies
ενP66		on	ἐν	on	εν	\|	sabbato	sabbato	on	ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ	on	ἐπεὶ	on
τωP66		the	τῷ	the	τω	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Παρασκευὴ	the
σαββατωP66		Sabbath —	σαββάτῳ,	Sabbath —	σαββατω	\|	erat	erat	Sabbath —	ܡܛܠ	Sabbath —	ἦν-	Sabbath —
ηνP66		was	ἦν	was	ῆν	\|	—	—	—	ܕܫܒܬܐ	was	ἦν	was
γαρP66		for	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	enim	enim	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
μεγαληP66		a high	μεγάλη	a high	μεγαλη	\|	magnus	magnus	a high	ܝܘܡܐ	a high	μεγάλη	a high
ηP66		<the>	ἡ	<the>	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	<the>
ημεραP66		day	ἡμέρα	day	ημερα	\|	dies	dies	day	ܗܘܐ	day	ἡμέρα	day
εκεινουP66		of that	ἐκείνου	of that	—	\|	ille	ille	of that	ܓܝܪ	of that	ἐκείνου	of that
τουP66		<the>	τοῦ	<the>	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	<the>
σαββατουP66		Sabbath —	σαββάτου,	Sabbath —	σαββατου	\|	sabbati	sabbati	Sabbath —	ܪܒܐ	Sabbath —	σαββάτου-	Sabbath —
ηρωτησανP66		asked	ἠρώτησαν	asked	ηρωτησαν	\|	rogauerunt	rogaverunt	asked	ܝܘܡܐ	asked	ἠρώτησαν	asked
τονP66		<the>	τὸν	<the>	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	<the>
πιλατονP66		Pilate	Πιλᾶτον	Pilate	πειλατον	\|	pilatum	Pilatum	Pilate	ܕܫܒܬܐ	Pilate	Πιλάτον	Pilate
ιναP66		that	ἵνα	that	ϊνα	\|	ut	ut	that	ܗܝ	that	ἵνα	that
κατεαγωσινP66		may be broken	κατεαγῶσιν	may be broken	κατεαγωσιν	\|	frangerentur	frangerentur	may be broken	ܘܒܥܘ	may be broken	κατεαγῶσιν	may be broken
αυτωνP66		their	αὐτῶν	their	αυτων	\|	eorum	eorum	their	ܡܢ	their	αὐτῶν	their
ταP66		<the>	τὰ	<the>	τα	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὰ	<the>
σκεληP66		legs	σκέλη	legs	σκελη	\|	crura	crura	legs	ܦܝܠܛܘܤ	legs	σκέλη	legs
καιP66		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
αρθωσινP66		they may be taken away.	ἀρθῶσιν.	they may be taken away.	—	\|	tollerentur	tollerentur	they may be taken away.	ܫܩܝܗܘܢ	they may be taken away.	ἀρθῶσιν	they may be taken away.
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
οιP66		<the>	Οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Οἱ	<the>
ουνP66		Therefore	οὖν	Therefore	ουν	\|	iudaei	Judæi	Therefore	ܝܗܘܕܝܐ	Therefore	οὖν	Therefore
ιουδαιοιP66		the Jews,	Ἰουδαῖοι,	the Jews,	ϊουδαιοι	\|	ergo	ergo	the Jews,	ܕܝܢ	the Jews,	Ἰουδαῖοι	the Jews,
επιP66		since	ἐπεὶ	since	—	\|	quoniam	quoniam	since	ܡܛܠ	since	ἵνα	since
παρασκευηP66		the Preparation	παρασκευὴ	the Preparation	—	\|	parasceue	parasceve	the Preparation	ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ	the Preparation	μὴ	the Preparation
ηνP66		was,	ἦν,	was,	—	\|	erat	erat	was,	ܗܘܬ	was,	μείνῃ	was,
ιναP66		so that	ἵνα	so that	ϊνα	\|	ut	ut	so that	ܐܡܪܝܢ	so that	ἐπὶ	so that
μηP66		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	τοῦ	not
μεινηP66		may remain	μείνῃ	may remain	μινητ	\|	remanerent	remanerent	may remain	ܢܒܘܬܘܢ	may remain	σταυροῦ	may remain
επιP66		on	ἐπὶ	on	επι	\|	in	in	on	ܦܓܪܐ	on	τὰ	on
τουP66		the	τοῦ	the	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	σώματα	the
σουP66		cross	σταυροῦ	cross	—	\|	cruce	cruce	cross	ܗܠܝܢ	cross	ἐν	cross
ταP66		the	τὰ	the	τα	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῷ	the
σωματαP66		bodies	σώματα	bodies	σωματα	\|	corpora	corpora	bodies	ܥܠ	bodies	σαββάτῳ	bodies
ενP66		on	ἐν	on	εν	\|	sabbato	sabbato	on	ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ	on	ἐπεὶ	on
τωP66		the	τῷ	the	τω	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Παρασκευὴ	the
σαββατωP66		Sabbath —	σαββάτῳ,	Sabbath —	σαββατω	\|	erat	erat	Sabbath —	ܡܛܠ	Sabbath —	ἦν-	Sabbath —
ηνP66		was	ἦν	was	ῆν	\|	—	—	—	ܕܫܒܬܐ	was	ἦν	was
γαρP66		for	γὰρ	for	γαρ	\|	enim	enim	for	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	for
μεγαληP66		a high	μεγάλη	a high	μεγαλη	\|	magnus	magnus	a high	ܝܘܡܐ	a high	μεγάλη	a high
ηP66		<the>	ἡ	<the>	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	<the>
ημεραP66		day	ἡμέρα	day	ημερα	\|	dies	dies	day	ܗܘܐ	day	ἡμέρα	day
εκεινουP66		of that	ἐκείνου	of that	—	\|	ille	ille	of that	ܓܝܪ	of that	ἐκείνου	of that
τουP66		<the>	τοῦ	<the>	του	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	<the>
σαββατουP66		Sabbath —	σαββάτου,	Sabbath —	σαββατου	\|	sabbati	sabbati	Sabbath —	ܪܒܐ	Sabbath —	σαββάτου-	Sabbath —
ηρωτησανP66		asked	ἠρώτησαν	asked	ηρωτησαν	\|	rogauerunt	rogaverunt	asked	ܝܘܡܐ	asked	ἠρώτησαν	asked
τονP66		<the>	τὸν	<the>	τον	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸν	<the>
πιλατονP66		Pilate	Πιλᾶτον	Pilate	πειλατον	\|	pilatum	Pilatum	Pilate	ܕܫܒܬܐ	Pilate	Πιλάτον	Pilate
ιναP66		that	ἵνα	that	ϊνα	\|	ut	ut	that	ܗܝ	that	ἵνα	that
κατεαγωσινP66		may be broken	κατεαγῶσιν	may be broken	κατεαγωσιν	\|	frangerentur	frangerentur	may be broken	ܘܒܥܘ	may be broken	κατεαγῶσιν	may be broken
αυτωνP66		their	αὐτῶν	their	αυτων	\|	eorum	eorum	their	ܡܢ	their	αὐτῶν	their
ταP66		<the>	τὰ	<the>	τα	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὰ	<the>
σκεληP66		legs	σκέλη	legs	σκελη	\|	crura	crura	legs	ܦܝܠܛܘܤ	legs	σκέλη	legs
καιP66		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ	and	καὶ	and
αρθωσινP66		they may be taken away.	ἀρθῶσιν.	they may be taken away.	—	\|	tollerentur	tollerentur	they may be taken away.	ܫܩܝܗܘܢ	they may be taken away.	ἀρθῶσιν	they may be taken away.
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

οιP66

<the>

Οἱ

<the>

οι

—

Οἱ

<the>

ουνP66

Therefore

οὖν

Therefore

ουν

iudaei

Judæi

Therefore

ܝܗܘܕܝܐ

Therefore

οὖν

Therefore

ιουδαιοιP66

the Jews,

Ἰουδαῖοι,

the Jews,

ϊουδαιοι

ergo

the Jews,

ܕܝܢ

the Jews,

Ἰουδαῖοι

the Jews,

επιP66

since

ἐπεὶ

since

—

quoniam

since

ܡܛܠ

since

ἵνα

since

παρασκευηP66

the Preparation

παρασκευὴ

the Preparation

—

parasceue

parasceve

the Preparation

ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ

the Preparation

μὴ

the Preparation

ηνP66

was,

ἦν,

was,

—

erat

was,

ܗܘܬ

was,

μείνῃ

was,

ιναP66

so that

ἵνα

so that

ϊνα

so that

ܐܡܪܝܢ

so that

ἐπὶ

so that

μηP66

not

μὴ

not

μη

non

not

ܠܐ

not

τοῦ

not

μεινηP66

may remain

μείνῃ

may remain

μινητ

remanerent

may remain

ܢܒܘܬܘܢ

may remain

σταυροῦ

may remain

επιP66

ἐπὶ

επι

ܦܓܪܐ

τὰ

τουP66

the

τοῦ

the

του

—

σώματα

the

σουP66

cross

σταυροῦ

cross

—

cruce

cross

ܗܠܝܢ

cross

ἐν

cross

ταP66

the

τὰ

the

τα

—

τῷ

the

σωματαP66

bodies

σώματα

bodies

σωματα

corpora

bodies

ܥܠ

bodies

σαββάτῳ

bodies

ενP66

ἐν

εν

sabbato

ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ

ἐπεὶ

τωP66

the

τῷ

the

τω

—

Παρασκευὴ

the

σαββατωP66

Sabbath —

σαββάτῳ,

Sabbath —

σαββατω

erat

Sabbath —

ܡܛܠ

Sabbath —

ἦν-

Sabbath —

ηνP66

was

ἦν

was

ῆν

—

ܕܫܒܬܐ

was

ἦν

was

γαρP66

for

γὰρ

for

γαρ

enim

for

ܓܝܪ

for

γὰρ

for

μεγαληP66

a high

μεγάλη

a high

μεγαλη

magnus

a high

ܝܘܡܐ

a high

μεγάλη

a high

ηP66

<the>

ἡ

<the>

—

ἡ

<the>

ημεραP66

day

ἡμέρα

day

ημερα

dies

day

ܗܘܐ

day

ἡμέρα

day

εκεινουP66

of that

ἐκείνου

of that

—

ille

of that

ܓܝܪ

of that

ἐκείνου

of that

τουP66

<the>

τοῦ

<the>

του

—

τοῦ

<the>

σαββατουP66

Sabbath —

σαββάτου,

Sabbath —

σαββατου

sabbati

Sabbath —

ܪܒܐ

Sabbath —

σαββάτου-

Sabbath —

ηρωτησανP66

asked

ἠρώτησαν

asked

ηρωτησαν

rogauerunt

rogaverunt

asked

ܝܘܡܐ

asked

ἠρώτησαν

asked

τονP66

<the>

τὸν

<the>

τον

—

τὸν

<the>

πιλατονP66

Pilate

Πιλᾶτον

Pilate

πειλατον

pilatum

Pilatum

Pilate

ܕܫܒܬܐ

Pilate

Πιλάτον

Pilate

ιναP66

that

ἵνα

that

ϊνα

that

ܗܝ

that

ἵνα

that

κατεαγωσινP66

may be broken

κατεαγῶσιν

may be broken

κατεαγωσιν

frangerentur

may be broken

ܘܒܥܘ

may be broken

κατεαγῶσιν

may be broken

αυτωνP66

their

αὐτῶν

their

αυτων

eorum

their

ܡܢ

their

αὐτῶν

their

ταP66

<the>

τὰ

<the>

τα

—

τὰ

<the>

σκεληP66

legs

σκέλη

legs

σκελη

crura

legs

ܦܝܠܛܘܤ

legs

σκέλη

legs

καιP66

and

καὶ

and

και

and

ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ

and

καὶ

and

αρθωσινP66

they may be taken away.

ἀρθῶσιν.

they may be taken away.

—

tollerentur

they may be taken away.

ܫܩܝܗܘܢ

they may be taken away.

ἀρθῶσιν

they may be taken away.

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

John 19:31

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

John 19:31

Translation Lineage