The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ισηλθενP52 · P60 · P66 | Entered | Εἰσῆλθεν | Entered | — | | | introiuit | Introivit | Entered | ܥܠ | Entered | Εἰσῆλθεν | Entered | |||||
ουνP52 · P60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
παλινP52 · P60 · P66 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | — | — | εἰς | again | |||||
εισP52 · P60 · P66 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | into | τὸ | into | |||||
τοP52 · P60 · P66 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | praetorium | — | — | — | — | πραιτώριον | the | |||||
πραιτωριονP52 · P60 · P66 | Praetorium | πραιτώριον | Praetorium | πραιτωριον | | | — | prætorium | Praetorium | ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ | Praetorium | πάλιν | Praetorium | |||||
οP52 · P60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
πειλατοσP52 · P60 · P66 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate | ܘܩܪܐ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | |||||
καιP52 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
εφωνησενP52 · P60 · P66 | he called | ἐφώνησεν | he called | — | | | uocauit | vocavit | he called | ܠܝܫܘܥ | he called | ἐφώνησεν | he called | |||||
τονP52 · P60 · P66 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
ιηνP52 · P60 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιν | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | |||||
καιP52 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
ειπενP52 · P60 · P66 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | said | ܠܗ | said | εἶπεν | said | |||||
αυτωP52 · P60 · P66 | to Him; | αὐτῷ· | to Him; | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to Him; | ܐܢܬ | to Him; | αὐτῷ | to Him; | |||||
συP52 · P60 · P66 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | συ | | | tu | Tu | You yourself | ܗܘ | You yourself | Σὺ | You yourself | |||||
ειP52 · P60 · P66 | are | εἶ | are | ει | | | es | es | are | — | — | εἶ | are | |||||
οP52 · P60 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
βασιλευσP52 · P60 · P66 | King | βασιλεὺς | King | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | King | ܡܠܟܗܘܢ | King | βασιλεὺς | King | |||||
τωνP52 · P60 · P66 | of the | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | |||||
ιουδαιωνP52 · P60 · P66 | Jews? | Ἰουδαίων; | Jews? | ιουδαιων | | | iudaeorum | Judæorum | Jews? | ܕܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Jews? | Ἰουδαίων | Jews? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||