The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | ܘܢܢܓܕܘܢܝܗܝ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | μαστιγώσαντες | having flogged Him | μαστιγωσαντες | | | caesum | postquam | having flogged Him | ܘܢܨܥܪܘܢܝܗܝ | having flogged Him | μαστιγώσαντες | having flogged Him | ||||||
| — | ἀποκτενοῦσιν | they will kill | — | | | flagellis | flagellaverint | they will kill | — | — | ἀποκτενοῦσιν | they will kill | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν, | Him, | αυτον | | | occident | occident | Him, | ܘܢܩܛܠܘܢܝܗܝ | Him, | αὐτόν | Him, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | eum | eum | and | ܘܠܝܘܡܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τῇ | on the | τη | | | resurget | resurget | on the | — | — | τῇ | on the | ||||||
| — | ἡμέρᾳ | day | ημερα | | | et | et | day | — | — | ἡμέρᾳ | day | ||||||
| — | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | <the> | ||||||
| — | τρίτῃ | third | τριτη | | | tertia | tertia | third | ܕܬܠܬܐ | third | τρίτῃ | third | ||||||
| — | ἀναστήσεται. | He will rise again. | αναστησεται | | | die | die | He will rise again. | ܢܩܘܡ | He will rise again. | ἀναστήσεται | He will rise again. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 22:4 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||