The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εξηλθενP60 · P66 | Went | ἐξῆλθεν | Went | εξηλθεν | | | exiuit | Exivit | Went | ܢܦܩ | Went | Ἐξῆλθεν | Went | |||||
ουνP60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
πειλατοσP60 · P66 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πιλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | |||||
προσP60 · P66 | out | ἔξω | out | — | | | ad | ad | out | ܠܒܪ | out | πρὸς | out | |||||
αυτουσP60 · P66 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | eos | eos | to | ܠܘܬܗܘܢ | to | αὐτούς | to | |||||
εξωP60 · P66 | them | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | foras | foras | them | ܘܐܡܪ | them | καὶ | them | |||||
καιP60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܠܗܘܢ | and | εἶπεν | and | |||||
φησινP60 · P66 | said; | φησίν· | said; | — | | | dixit | dixit | said; | ܡܢܐ | said; | Τίνα | said; | |||||
τιναP60 · P66 | What | τίνα | What | τινα | | | quam | Quam | What | ܡܐܟܠ | What | κατηγορίαν | What | |||||
κατηγοριανP60 · P66 | accusation | κατηγορίαν | accusation | κατηγοριαν | | | accusationem | accusationem | accusation | ܩܪܨܐ | accusation | φέρετε | accusation | |||||
φερετεP60 · P66 | bring you | φέρετε | bring you | — | | | affertis | affertis | bring you | ܐܝܬ | bring you | κατὰ | bring you | |||||
καταP60 · P66 | against | κατὰ | against | κατα | | | aduersus | adversus | against | ܠܟܘܢ | against | τοῦ | against | |||||
τουP60 · P66 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀνθρώπου | <the> | |||||
ανουP60 · P66 | man | ἀνθρώπου | man | — | | | hominem | hominem | man | ܥܠ | man | τούτου | man | |||||
τουτουP60 · P66 | this? | τούτου;¶ | this? | τουτου | | | hunc | hunc | this? | ܓܒܪܐ | this? | τούτου;¶ | this? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||