The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
παλινP60 · P66 | Again | πάλιν | Again | παλιν | | | iterum | Iterum | Again | ܘܬܘܒ | Again | Πάλιν | Again | |||||
ουνP60 · P66 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | then | ܟܦܪ | then | οὖν | then | |||||
ηρνησατοP60 · P66 | denied | ἠρνήσατο | denied | ηρνησατο | | | negauit | negavit | denied | ܫܡܥܘܢ | denied | ἠρνήσατο | denied | |||||
πετροσP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
καιP60 · P66 | Peter, | Πέτρος, | Peter, | — | | | petrus | Petrus | Peter, | — | — | Πέτρος | Peter, | |||||
ευθυσP60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܒܗ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αλεκτωρP60 · P66 | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | ευθεως | | | statim | statim | immediately | ܒܫܥܬܐ | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | |||||
εφωνησενP60 · P66 | a rooster | ἀλέκτωρ | a rooster | αλεκτωρ | | | gallus | gallus | a rooster | ܩܪܐ | a rooster | ἀλέκτωρ | a rooster | |||||
ἐφώνησεν.¶P60 · P66 | crowed. | ἐφώνησεν.¶ | crowed. | εφωνησεν | | | cantauit | cantavit | crowed. | ܬܪܢܓܠܐ | crowed. | ἐφώνησεν | crowed. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||