The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
λεγειP66 | Says | Λέγει | Says | λεγει | | | dicit | Dicit | Says | ܐܡܪ | Says | Λέγει | Says | |||||
αυτωP66 | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | αυτω | | | illi | ei | to Him | ܠܗ | to Him | αὐτῷ | to Him | |||||
θωμασP66 | Thomas; | Θωμᾶς· | Thomas; | θωμας | | | thomas | Thomas | Thomas; | ܬܐܘܡܐ | Thomas; | Θωμᾶς | Thomas; | |||||
κεP66 | Lord, | κύριε, | Lord, | — | | | qui | Domine | Lord, | ܡܪܢ | Lord, | Κύριε | Lord, | |||||
ουκP66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | nescimus | nescimus | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
οιδαμενP66 | we know | οἴδαμεν | we know | οιδαμεν | | | dicitur | quo | we know | ܝܕܥܝܢܢ | we know | οἴδαμεν | we know | |||||
πουP66 | where | ποῦ | where | που | | | didymus | — | — | ܠܐܝܟܐ | where | ποῦ | where | |||||
υπαγεισP66 | You are going; | ὑπάγεις· | You are going; | ϋπαγεις | | | dme | vadis | You are going; | ܐܙܠ | You are going; | ὑπάγεις | You are going; | |||||
πωσP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܢܬ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
δυναμεθαP66 | how | πῶς | how | πως | | | quomodo | quomodo | how | ܘܐܝܟܢܐ | how | πῶς | how | |||||
τηP66 | can we | δυνάμεθα | can we | — | | | ubi | possumus | can we | ܡܫܟܚܝܢ | can we | δυνάμεθα | can we | |||||
οδονP66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | badis | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
ειδεναιP66 | way | ὁδὸν | way | οδον | | | uiam | viam | way | ܐܘܪܚܐ | way | ὁδὸν | way | |||||
εἰδέναι;P66 | to know? | εἰδέναι; | to know? | — | | | nouimus | scire | to know? | ܠܡܕܥ | to know? | εἰδέναι | to know? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||