The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܟܕ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
διπνουP66 · P75 | supper | δείπνου | supper | δειπνου | | | cena | cœna | ? | ܗܘܬ | supper | δείπνου | supper | |||||
γεναμενουP66 · P75 | taking place, | γινομένου, | taking place, | — | | | fieretur | facta | ? | ܚܫܡܝܬܐ | taking place, | γενομένου | taking place, | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | cum | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
τεP66 · P75 | devil | διαβόλου | devil | διαβολου | | | cum | cum | when/with | ܪܡܐ | devil | διαβόλου | devil | |||||
διαβολουP66 · P75 | already | ἤδη | already | ηδη | | | diabolus | diabolus | ? | ܗܘܐ | already | ἤδη | already | |||||
ηδηP66 · P75 | having put | βεβληκότος | having put | βεβληκοτος | | | iam | jam | ? | ܠܗ | having put | βεβληκότος | having put | |||||
βεβληκοτοσP66 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | ις | | | a | misisset | ? | — | — | εἰς | into | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | heart | καρδίαν | heart | καρδιαν | | | inmisisset | cor | ? | ܠܤܛܢܐ | heart | καρδίαν | heart | |||||
καρδιανP66 · P75 | that | ἵνα | that | — | | | cor | ut | that/so that | ܒܠܒܗ | that | Ἰούδα | that | |||||
ιναP66 · P75 | he may betray | παραδοῖ | he may betray | — | | | ut | traderet | ? | ܕܝܗܘܕܐ | he may betray | Σίμωνος | he may betray | |||||
παραδωP66 · P75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | — | | | traderet | eum | him | ܒܪ | Him | Ἰσκαριώτου | Him | |||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | Judas | Ἰούδας | Judas | ϊουδα | | | eum | Judas | ? | ܫܡܥܘܢ | Judas | ἵνα | Judas | |||||
ιουδασP66 · P75 | son of Simon | Σίμωνος | son of Simon | σιμωνος | | | iuda | Simonis | ? | ܤܟܪܝܘܛܐ | son of Simon | αὐτὸν | son of Simon | |||||
σιμωννοσP66 · P75 | Iscariot | Ἰσκαριώτου, | Iscariot | — | | | simonis | Iscariot | ? | ܕܢܫܠܡܝܘܗܝ | Iscariot | παραδῷ | Iscariot | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||