The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP75 | And | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܥܢܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
αποκριθεισP75 | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | αποκριθεις | | | respondens | respondens | answering | ܝܫܘܥ | answering | ἀποκριθεὶς | answering | |||||
ειπενP75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ihs | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
αυτοισP75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | dixit | dixit | Jesus | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
δοκειτεP75 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | — | illis | He said | ܠܗܘܢ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | |||||
οτιP75 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | putatis | Putatis | to them; | ܤܒܪܝܢ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
οιP75 | Think you | δοκεῖτε | Think you | δοκειτε | | | quoniam | quod | Think you | ܐܢܬܘܢ | Think you | Δοκεῖτε | Think you | |||||
γαλιλαιοιP75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | eis | hi | that | ܕܗܠܝܢ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ουτοιP75 | <the> | οἱ | <the> | — | | | isti | — | — | — | — | οἱ | <the> | |||||
αμαρτωλοιP75 | Galileans | Γαλιλαῖοι | Galileans | — | | | galilaei | Galilæi | Galileans | ܓܠܝܠܝܐ | Galileans | Γαλιλαῖοι | Galileans | |||||
παραP75 | these | οὗτοι | these | ουτοι | | | prae | præ | these | ܚܛܝܝܢ | these | οὗτοι | these | |||||
παντασP75 | sinners | ἁμαρτωλοὶ | sinners | — | | | omnes | omnibus | sinners | ܗܘܘ | sinners | ἁμαρτωλοὶ | sinners | |||||
τουσP75 | beyond | παρὰ | beyond | παρα | | | galilaeos | Galilæis | beyond | ܝܬܝܪ | beyond | παρὰ | beyond | |||||
γαλιλαιουσP75 | all | πάντας | all | παντας | | | peccatores | peccatores | all | ܡܢ | all | πάντας | all | |||||
εγενοντοP75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
οτιP75 | Galileans | Γαλιλαίους | Galileans | γαλιλαιους | | | fuerunt | fuerint | Galileans | ܟܠܗܘܢ | Galileans | Γαλιλαίους | Galileans | |||||
τοιαυταP75 | were | ἐγένοντο | were | εγενοντο | | | quia | quia | were | ܓܠܝܠܝܐ | were | ἐγένοντο | were | |||||
πεπονθασινP75 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | haec | talia | because | ܕܗܟܢܐ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
ταῦταP75 | these things | ταῦτα | these things | ταυτα | | | passi | passi | these things | ܗܘܐ | these things | τοιαῦτα | these things | |||||
πεπόνθασιν;P75 | they have suffered? | πεπόνθασιν; | they have suffered? | — | | | sunt | sunt | they have suffered? | ܐܢܘܢ | they have suffered? | πεπόνθασιν | they have suffered? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||