The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܟܠ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
πασP45 · P66 · P75 | everyone | πᾶς | everyone | πας | | | omnis | omnis | everyone | — | — | πᾶς | everyone | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | who | ὁ | who | ο | | | aeternum | — | — | — | — | ὁ | who | |||||
ζωνP45 · P66 · P75 | is living | ζῶν | is living | ζων | | | qui | qui | is living | ܕܚܝ | is living | ζῶν | is living | |||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | uiuit | vivit | and | ܘܡܗܝܡܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
πιστευωνP45 · P66 · P75 | believing | πιστεύων | believing | πιστευων | | | et | et | believing | — | — | πιστεύων | believing | |||||
εισP45 · P66 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | credit | credit | in | ܒܝ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
εμεP45 · P66 · P75 | Me myself | ἐμὲ | Me myself | εμε | | | in | in | Me myself | — | — | ἐμέ | Me myself | |||||
ουP45 · P66 · P75 | certainly | οὐ | certainly | ου | | | me | me | certainly | ܠܥܠܡ | certainly | οὐ | certainly | |||||
μηP45 · P66 · P75 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
αποθανηP45 · P66 · P75 | he shall die | ἀποθάνῃ | he shall die | αποθανη | | | morietur | morietur | he shall die | — | — | ἀποθάνῃ | he shall die | |||||
εισP45 · P66 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | in | in | to | ܢܡܘܬ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
τονP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
αιωναP45 · P66 · P75 | age. | αἰῶνα. | age. | αιωνα | | | — | æternum | age. | ܡܗܝܡܢܬܝ | age. | αἰῶνα | age. | |||||
πιστευεισP45 · P66 · P75 | Believe you | πιστεύεις | Believe you | πιστευεις | | | credis | Credis | Believe you | — | — | Πιστεύεις | Believe you | |||||
τουτοP45 · P66 · P75 | this? | τοῦτο; | this? | τουτο | | | hoc | hoc | this? | ܗܕܐ | this? | τοῦτο | this? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||