The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
λεγειP45 · P66 · P75 | Says | λέγει | Says | λεγει | | | dicit | Dicit | Says | ܐܡܪܐ | Says | Λέγει | Says | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P66 · P75 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | illi | ei | to him | ܠܗ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
μαρθαP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ἡ | <the> | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | Μάρθα | <the> | |||||
οιδαP45 · P66 · P75 | Martha; | Μάρθα· | Martha; | μαρθα | | | martha | Martha | Martha; | — | — | Οἶδα | Martha; | |||||
οτιP45 · P66 · P75 | I know | οἶδα | I know | οιδα | | | scio | Scio | I know | ܡܪܬܐ | I know | ὅτι | I know | |||||
αναστησεταιP45 · P66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quia | quia | that | ܝܕܥܐܢܐ | that | ἀναστήσεται | that | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | he will rise again | ἀναστήσεται | he will rise again | αναστησεται | | | resurget | resurget | he will rise again | — | — | ἐν | he will rise again | |||||
τηιP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܕܩܐܡ | in | τῇ | in | |||||
αναστασειP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀναστάσει | the | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | resurrection | ἀναστάσει | resurrection | αναστασει | | | resurrectione | resurrectione | resurrection | ܒܢܘܚܡܐ | resurrection | ἐν | resurrection | |||||
τηιP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | — | — | τῇ | in | |||||
εσχατηιP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἐσχάτῃ | the | |||||
ημεραP45 · P66 · P75 | last | ἐσχάτῃ | last | εσχατη | | | nouissima | novissimo | last | ܒܝܘܡܐ | last | ἡμέρᾳ | last | |||||
ἡμέρᾳ.¶P45 · P66 · P75 | day. | ἡμέρᾳ.¶ | day. | ημερα | | | die | die | day. | ܐܚܪܝܐ | day. | ἡμέρᾳ.¶ | day. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||