The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | Ἡ | <the> | η | | | cum | — | — | — | — | Ἡ | <the> | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | Therefore | οὖν | Therefore | ουν | | | martha | Martha | Therefore | ܡܪܬܐ | Therefore | οὖν | Therefore | |||||
μαρθαP45 · P66 · P75 | Martha, | Μάρθα, | Martha, | μαρθα | | | ergo | ergo | Martha, | ܕܝܢ | Martha, | Μάρθα | Martha, | |||||
ωσP45 · P66 · P75 | when | ὡς | when | ως | | | — | ut | when | ܟܕ | when | ὡς | when | |||||
ηκουσενP45 · P66 · P75 | she heard | ἤκουσεν | she heard | ηκουσεν | | | audisset | audivit | she heard | ܫܡܥܬ | she heard | ἤκουσεν | she heard | |||||
οτιP45 · P66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | that | ܕܝܫܘܥ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
ιηP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
ερχεταιP45 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܐܬܐ | Jesus | ἔρχεται | Jesus | |||||
υπηντησενP45 · P66 · P75 | is coming, | ἔρχεται, | is coming, | ερχεται | | | obiabit | — | — | — | — | ὑπήντησεν | is coming, | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P66 · P75 | met | ὑπήντησεν | met | ϋπηντησεν | | | uenit | venit | met | ܢܦܩܬ | met | αὐτῷ | met | |||||
μαριαP45 · P66 · P75 | with Him; | αὐτῷ· | with Him; | αυτω | | | ei | occurrit | with Him; | ܠܐܘܪܥܗ | with Him; | Μαρία | with Him; | |||||
δεP45 · P66 · P75 | Mary | Μαριὰμ | Mary | μαρια | | | — | illi | Mary | ܡܪܝܡ | Mary | δὲ | Mary | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | maria | Maria | however | ܕܝܢ | but | ἐν | however | |||||
τωιP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | autem | autem | in | ܒܒܝܬܐ | in | τῷ | in | |||||
οικωιP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | in | — | — | — | — | οἴκῳ | the | |||||
εκαθεζετοP45 · P66 · P75 | house | οἴκῳ | house | — | | | domo | domi | house | ܝܬܒܐ | house | ἐκαθέζετο | house | |||||
ἐκαθέζετο.P45 · P66 · P75 | was sitting. | ἐκαθέζετο. | was sitting. | εκαθεζετο | | | sedebat | sedebat | was sitting. | ܗܘܬ | was sitting. | ἐκαθέζετο. | was sitting. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||