The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εγωP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | I myself | Ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | ego | Ego | I myself | ܐܢܐ | I myself | Ἐγώ | I myself | |||||
ειμιP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | am | εἰμι | am | ειμι | | | sum | sum | am | ܐܢܐ | am | εἰμι | am | |||||
οP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
ποιμηνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | — | | | pastor | pastor | shepherd | ܪܥܝܐ | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | |||||
οP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
καλοσP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | good | καλὸς | good | καλος | | | bonus | bonus | good | ܛܒܐ | good | καλός | good | |||||
καιP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܝܕܥ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
γεινωσκωP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | I know | γινώσκω | I know | γεινωσκω | | | cognosco | cognosco | I know | ܐܢܐ | I know | γινώσκω | I know | |||||
ταP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τὰ | <the> | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | |||||
εμαP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | My own, | ἐμά, | My own, | εμα | | | mea | meas | My own, | ܠܕܝܠܝ | My own, | ἐμά | My own, | |||||
καιP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܡܬܝܕܥ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
γεινωσκειP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | they know | γινώσκουσίν | they know | — | | | cognoscunt | cognoscunt | they know | ܐܢܐ | they know | γινώσκομαι | they know | |||||
μεP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | me | με | me | — | | | me | me | me | ܡܢ | me | ὑπὸ | me | |||||
ταP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | those | τὰ | those | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | those | |||||
εμαP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | mine, | ἐμά, | mine, | εμα | | | meae | meæ | mine, | ܕܝܠܝ | mine, | ἐμῶν | mine, | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||