The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying; | ܬܘܒܘ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | ||||||
| — | μετανοεῖτε· | do repent; | μετανοειτε | | | poenitentiam | Pœnitentiam agite | repent | ܩܪܒܬ | do repent; | Μετανοεῖτε | do repent; | ||||||
| — | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | — | | | appropinquauit | appropinquavit | has drawn near | — | — | ἤγγικεν | has drawn near | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | βασιλια | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | ܡܠܟܘܬܐ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | agite | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανῶν. | heavens. | ουρανων | | | caelorum | cælorum | of heaven | ܕܫܡܝܐ | heavens. | οὐρανῶν | heavens. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 3:9 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||