The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܢܛܪܝܢ | and | Καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | παρετήρουν | they were watching | παρετηρουντο | | | obserbabant | observabant | they were watching | ܗܘܘ | they were watching | παρετήρουν | they were watching | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | — | — | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | εἰ | whether | ει | | | si | si | whether | ܠܗ | whether | εἰ | whether | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | on the | τοις | | | eum | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | on the | ||||||
| — | σάββασιν | Sabbaths | σαββασιν | | | — | — | — | ܕܐܢ | Sabbaths | σάββασιν | Sabbaths | ||||||
| — | θεραπεύσει | He will heal | θεραπευσει | | | sabbatis | sabbatis | He will heal | ܡܐܤܐ | He will heal | θεραπεύσει | He will heal | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | — | | | curaret | curaret | him | ܠܗ | him | αὐτόν | him | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | in order that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | in order that | — | — | ἵνα | in order that | ||||||
| — | κατηγορήσωσιν | they may accuse | — | | | accusarent | accusarent | they may accuse | ܒܫܒܬܐ | they may accuse | κατηγορήσωσιν | they may accuse | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | — | | | — | illum | Him. | ܢܩܛܪܓܘܢܝܗܝ | Him. | αὐτοῦ | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||