The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP37 · P45 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܫܩܠ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
λαβωνP37 · P45 | having taken | λαβὼν | having taken | λαβων | | | accipiens | accipiens | having taken | ܟܤܐ | having taken | λαβὼν | having taken | |||||
ποτηριονP37 · P45 | <the> | τὸ | <the> | το | | | calicem | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | |||||
καιP37 · P45 | a cup | ποτήριον | a cup | ποτηριον | | | gratias | gratias | a cup | ܘܐܘܕܝ | a cup | ποτήριον | a cup | |||||
ευχαριστησασP37 · P45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | agens | egit | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
εδωκενP37 · P45 | having given thanks | εὐχαριστήσας | having given thanks | ευχαριστησας | | | et | et | having given thanks | ܘܝܗܒ | having given thanks | εὐχαριστήσας | having given thanks | |||||
αυτοισP37 · P45 | He gave it | ἔδωκεν | He gave it | εδωκεν | | | dedit | dedit | He gave it | ܠܗܘܢ | He gave it | ἔδωκεν | He gave it | |||||
λεγωνP37 · P45 | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | eis | illis | to them | ܘܐܡܪ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | |||||
πιετεP37 · P45 | saying; | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying; | ܤܒܘ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | |||||
εξP37 · P45 | do drink | πίετε | do drink | — | | | bibite | Bibite | do drink | — | — | Πίετε | do drink | |||||
αυτουP37 · P45 | of | ἐξ | of | εξ | | | ex | ex | of | ܐܫܬܘ | of | ἐξ | of | |||||
παντεσP37 · P45 | it | αὐτοῦ | it | αυτου | | | eo | hoc | it | ܡܢܗ | it | αὐτοῦ | it | |||||
πάντες·P37 · P45 | all of you; | πάντες· | all of you; | παντες | | | omnes | omnes | all of you; | ܟܠܟܘܢ | all of you; | πάντες | all of you; | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||