The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Τότε | Then | τοτε | | | tunc | Tunc | Then | ܗܝܕܝܢ | Then | Τότε | Then | ||||||
| — | Ἡρῴδης | Herod | ηρωδης | | | herodes | Herodes | Herod | ܗܪܘܕܤ | Herod | Ἡρῴδης | Herod | ||||||
| — | λάθρᾳ | secretly | λαθρα | | | occultae | clam | secretly | ܡܛܫܝܐܝܬ | secretly | λάθρᾳ | secretly | ||||||
| — | καλέσας | having called | καλεσας | | | uocans | vocatis | having called | ܩܪܐ | having called | καλέσας | having called | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | magos | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | μάγους | Magi | μαγους | | | — | diligenter | Magi | ܠܡܓܘܫܐ | Magi | μάγους | Magi | ||||||
| — | ἠκρίβωσεν | inquired exactly | — | | | — | didicit | inquired exactly | ܘܝܠܦ | inquired exactly | ἠκρίβωσεν | inquired exactly | ||||||
| — | παρ᾽ | of | παρ | | | ab | ab | of | ܡܢܗܘܢ | of | παρ’ | of | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | them | αυτων | | | eis | eis | them | ܒܐܝܢܐ | them | αὐτῶν | them | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | tempus | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | χρόνον | time | χρονον | | | stellae | stellæ | time | ܙܒܢܐ | time | χρόνον | time | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | φαινομένου | appearing | φαινομενου | | | apparentis | apparuit | appearing | ܐܬܚܙܝ | appearing | φαινομένου | appearing | ||||||
| — | ἀστέρος, | star, | αστερος | | | exquisiuit | eis | star, | ܠܗܘܢ | star, | ἀστέρος | star, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 2:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||