The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Τελευτήσαντος | When was dying | τελευτησαντος | | | defuncto | Defuncto | When was dying | ܟܕ | When was dying | Τελευτήσαντος | When was dying | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | dmi | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἡρῴδου | Herod | ηρωδου | | | herode | Herode | Herod | ܕܝܢ | Herod | Ἡρῴδου | Herod | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | ἄγγελος | an angel | αγγελος | | | angelus | angelus | an angel | ܡܠܟܐ | an angel | ἄγγελος | an angel | ||||||
| — | κυρίου | of the Lord | κυ | | | — | Domini | of the Lord | — | — | κυρίου | of the Lord | ||||||
| — | φαίνεται | appears | φαινεται | | | paruit | apparuit | appears | ܐܬܚܙܝ | appears | κατ’ | appears | ||||||
| — | κατ᾽ | in | κατ | | | in | in | in | ܡܠܐܟܐ | in | ὄναρ | in | ||||||
| — | ὄναρ | a dream | οναρ | | | somnis | somnis | a dream | ܕܡܪܝܐ | a dream | φαίνεται | a dream | ||||||
| — | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰωσὴφ | to Joseph | ϊωσηφ | | | ioseph | Joseph | to Joseph | ܒܚܠܡܐ | to Joseph | Ἰωσὴφ | to Joseph | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܠܝܘܤܦ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | Αἰγύπτῳ | Egypt | αιγυπτω | | | aegypto | Ægypto | Egypt | ܒܡܨܪܝܢ | Egypt | Αἰγύπτῳ | Egypt | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 2:22 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||