The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | φωνὴ | A voice | φωνη | | | uox | Vox | A voice | ܩܠܐ | A voice | Φωνὴ | A voice | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܐܫܬܡܥ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | Ῥαμὰ | Ramah | ραμα | | | rama | Rama | Ramah | — | — | Ῥαμᾶ | Ramah | ||||||
| — | ἠκούσθη, | was heard, | ηκουσθη | | | audita | audita | was heard, | ܒܪܡܬܐ | was heard, | ἠκούσθη | was heard, | ||||||
| — | θρῆνος | lamentation | θρηνος | | | est | est | lamentation | ܒܟܝܐ | lamentation | θρῆνος | lamentation | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | planctus | — | — | ܘܐܠܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | κλαυθμὸς | weeping | κλαυθμος | | | ploratio | ploratus | weeping | — | — | κλαυθμὸς | weeping | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܤܓܝܐܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ὀδυρμὸς | mourning | οδυρμος | | | ululatus | ululatus | mourning | ܪܚܝܠ | mourning | ὀδυρμὸς | mourning | ||||||
| — | πολύς, | great, | πολυς | | | multus | multus | great, | ܒܟܝܐ | great, | πολύς | great, | ||||||
| — | Ῥαχὴλ | Rachel | ραχηλ | | | rachel | Rachel | Rachel | — | — | Ῥαχὴλ | Rachel | ||||||
| — | κλαίουσα | weeping for | κλαιουσα | | | — | plorans | weeping for | ܥܠ | weeping for | κλαίουσα | weeping for | ||||||
| — | τὰ | the | τα | | | plangens | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | ||||||
| — | τέκνα | children | τεκνα | | | filios | filios | children | ܒܢܝܗ | children | τέκνα | children | ||||||
| — | αὐτῆς, | of her, | αυτης | | | suos | suos | of her, | ܘܠܐ | of her, | αὐτῆς | of her, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | et | — | — | ܨܒܝܐ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἤθελεν | was willing | — | | | noluit | noluit | was willing | ܠܡܬܒܝܐܘ | was willing | ἤθελεν | was willing | ||||||
| — | παρακληθῆναι | to be comforted | παρακληθηναι | | | consulari | consolari | to be comforted | ܡܛܠ | to be comforted | παρακληθῆναι | to be comforted | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | quia | quia | because | — | — | ὅτι | because | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | no more | ουκ | | | non | non | no more | ܕܠܐ | no more | οὐκ | no more | ||||||
| — | εἰσίν.¶ | they are. | εισιν | | | sunt | sunt | they are. | ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ | they are. | εἰσίν | they are. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 2:22 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||