The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ιουδαιασP70 | Having heard | Ἀκούσας | Having heard | ακουσας | | | audiens | Audiens | Having heard | ܟܕ | Having heard | Ἀκούσας | Having heard | |||||
αντιP70 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
τουP70 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quod | quod | that | ܫܡܥ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
πατροσP70 | Archelaus | Ἀρχέλαος | Archelaus | — | | | archelaus | Archelaus | Archelaus | — | — | Ἀρχέλαος | Archelaus | |||||
αυτουP70 | rules | βασιλεύει | rules | βασιλευει | | | regnaret | regnaret | rules | ܕܐܪܟܠܐܘܤ | rules | βασιλεύει | rules | |||||
ηρωδουP70 | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | επι | | | in | in | upon | ܗܘܐ | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | |||||
εφοβηθηP70 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | ammonitus | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
εκειP70 | Judea | Ἰουδαίας | Judea | ϊουδαιας | | | iudea | Judæa | Judea | ܡܠܟܐ | Judea | Ἰουδαίας | Judea | |||||
απελθεινP70 | in place of | ἀντὶ | in place of | αντι | | | pro | pro | in place of | ܒܝܗܘܕ | in place of | ἀντὶ | in place of | |||||
χρηματισθεισP70 | the | τοῦ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἡρῴδου | the | |||||
δεP70 | father | πατρὸς | father | — | | | herode | Herode | father | ܚܠܦ | father | τοῦ | father | |||||
κατP70 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | — | | | patre | patre | of him | ܗܪܘܕܤ | of him | πατρὸς | of him | |||||
οναρP70 | Herod | Ἡρῴδου | Herod | ηρωδου | | | suo | suo | Herod | — | — | αὐτοῦ | Herod | |||||
ανεχωρησενP70 | he was afraid | ἐφοβήθη | he was afraid | — | | | timuit | timuit | he was afraid | ܐܒܘܗܝ | he was afraid | ἐφοβήθη | he was afraid | |||||
εισP70 | there | ἐκεῖ | there | εκει | | | illo | illo | there | ܕܚܠ | there | ἐκεῖ | there | |||||
ταP70 | to go. | ἀπελθεῖν. | to go. | απελθειν | | | ire | ire | to go. | ܕܢܐܙܠ | to go. | ἀπελθεῖν | to go. | |||||
μερηP70 | having been divinely warned | χρηματισθεὶς | having been divinely warned | χρηματισθεις | | | et | et | having been divinely warned | ܠܬܡܢ | having been divinely warned | χρηματισθεὶς | having been divinely warned | |||||
τησP70 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | — | admonitus | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
γαλιλαιασP70 | in | κατ᾽ | in | κατ | | | in | in | in | ܠܗ | in | κατ’ | in | |||||
ὄναρP70 | a dream | ὄναρ | a dream | οναρ | | | somnis | somnis | a dream | — | — | ὄναρ | a dream | |||||
ἀνεχώρησενP70 | he withdrew | ἀνεχώρησεν | he withdrew | ανεχωρησεν | | | secessit | secessit | he withdrew | ܒܚܠܡܐ | he withdrew | ἀνεχώρησεν | he withdrew | |||||
εἰςP70 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܕܢܐܙܠ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τὰP70 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
μέρηP70 | district | μέρη | district | μερη | | | partes | partes | district | ܠܐܬܪܐ | district | μέρη | district | |||||
τῆςP70 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
Γαλιλαίας,P70 | of Galilee, | Γαλιλαίας, | of Galilee, | γαλιλαιας | | | galileae | Galilææ | of Galilee, | ܕܓܠܝܠܐ | of Galilee, | Γαλιλαίας | of Galilee, | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||