Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP88		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	And	Καὶ	And
ησανP88		were	ἦσαν	were	ησαν	\|	erant	erant	were	ܕܝܢ	were	ἦσαν	were
οιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	iohannis	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
μαθηταιP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	—	—	μαθηταὶ	disciples
ιωανουP88		of John	Ἰωάννου	of John	ϊωαννου	\|	—	Joannis	of John	ܕܝܘܚܢܢ	of John	Ἰωάννου	of John
καιP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	and	καὶ	and
οιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
φαρεισεοιP88		of the	τῶν	of the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
νηστευοντεσP88		Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	pharisaei	pharisæi	Pharisees	—	—	Φαρισαίων	Pharisees
καιP88		fasting	νηστεύοντες	fasting	νηστευοντες	\|	—	—	—	ܨܝܡܝܢ	fasting	νηστεύοντες	fasting
ερχονταιP88		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	ieiunantes	jejunantes	And	ܗܘܘ	And	καὶ	And
καιP88		they come	ἔρχονται	they come	ερχονται	\|	et	et	they come	ܘܐܬܘ	they come	ἔρχονται	they come
λεγουσινP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	ueniunt	veniunt	and	—	—	καὶ	and
αυτωP88		they say	λέγουσιν	they say	λεγουσιν	\|	et	et	they say	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	they say	λέγουσιν	they say
διαP88		to Him;	αὐτῷ·	to Him;	αυτω	\|	dicunt	dicunt	to Him;	ܠܗ	to Him;	αὐτῷ	to Him;
τιP88		Because of	διὰ	Because of	δια	\|	illi	illi	Because of	—	—	Διὰ	Because of
οιP88		why	τί	why	τι	\|	quare	Quare	why	ܠܡܢܐ	why	τί	why
μαθηταιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
ιωαννουP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples
καιP88		of John	Ἰωάννου	of John	ϊωαννου	\|	—	Joannis	of John	—	—	Ἰωάννου	of John
οιP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܝܘܚܢܢ	and	καὶ	and
μαθηταιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
τωνP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	—	\|	pharisaeorum	pharisæorum	disciples	ܘܕܦܪܝܫܐ	disciples	τῶν	disciples
φαρειασεωνP88		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Φαρισαίων	of the
νηστευουσινP88		Pharisees	Φαρισαίων	Pharisees	φαρεισαιων	\|	—	—	—	ܨܝܡܝܢ	Pharisees	νηστεύουσιν	Pharisees
νηστεύουσιν,P88		fast,	νηστεύουσιν,	fast,	νηστευουσιν	\|	ieiunant	jejunant	fast,	—	—	οἱ	fast,
οἱP88		<the>	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	iohannis	—	—	—	—	δὲ	<the>
δὲP88		but	δὲ	but	δε	\|	tui	tui	but	ܕܝܢ	but	σοὶ	but
σοὶP88		Your	σοὶ	Your	σοι	\|	autem	autem	Your	ܕܝܠܟ	Your	μαθηταὶ	Your
μαθηταὶP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	—	—	οὐ	disciples
οὐP88		not	οὐ	not	ου	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	νηστεύουσιν	not
νηστεύουσιν;¶P88		fast?	νηστεύουσιν;¶	fast?	νηστευουσιν	\|	ieiunant	jejunant	fast?	ܨܝܡܝܢ	fast?	νηστεύουσιν;¶	fast?
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP88		And	Καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	And	Καὶ	And
ησανP88		were	ἦσαν	were	ησαν	\|	erant	erant	were	ܕܝܢ	were	ἦσαν	were
οιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	iohannis	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
μαθηταιP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	—	—	μαθηταὶ	disciples
ιωανουP88		of John	Ἰωάννου	of John	ϊωαννου	\|	—	Joannis	of John	ܕܝܘܚܢܢ	of John	Ἰωάννου	of John
καιP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	and	καὶ	and
οιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
φαρεισεοιP88		of the	τῶν	of the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
νηστευοντεσP88		Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	pharisaei	pharisæi	Pharisees	—	—	Φαρισαίων	Pharisees
καιP88		fasting	νηστεύοντες	fasting	νηστευοντες	\|	—	—	—	ܨܝܡܝܢ	fasting	νηστεύοντες	fasting
ερχονταιP88		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	ieiunantes	jejunantes	And	ܗܘܘ	And	καὶ	And
καιP88		they come	ἔρχονται	they come	ερχονται	\|	et	et	they come	ܘܐܬܘ	they come	ἔρχονται	they come
λεγουσινP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	ueniunt	veniunt	and	—	—	καὶ	and
αυτωP88		they say	λέγουσιν	they say	λεγουσιν	\|	et	et	they say	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	they say	λέγουσιν	they say
διαP88		to Him;	αὐτῷ·	to Him;	αυτω	\|	dicunt	dicunt	to Him;	ܠܗ	to Him;	αὐτῷ	to Him;
τιP88		Because of	διὰ	Because of	δια	\|	illi	illi	Because of	—	—	Διὰ	Because of
οιP88		why	τί	why	τι	\|	quare	Quare	why	ܠܡܢܐ	why	τί	why
μαθηταιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
ιωαννουP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples
καιP88		of John	Ἰωάννου	of John	ϊωαννου	\|	—	Joannis	of John	—	—	Ἰωάννου	of John
οιP88		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܕܝܘܚܢܢ	and	καὶ	and
μαθηταιP88		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
τωνP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	—	\|	pharisaeorum	pharisæorum	disciples	ܘܕܦܪܝܫܐ	disciples	τῶν	disciples
φαρειασεωνP88		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Φαρισαίων	of the
νηστευουσινP88		Pharisees	Φαρισαίων	Pharisees	φαρεισαιων	\|	—	—	—	ܨܝܡܝܢ	Pharisees	νηστεύουσιν	Pharisees
νηστεύουσιν,P88		fast,	νηστεύουσιν,	fast,	νηστευουσιν	\|	ieiunant	jejunant	fast,	—	—	οἱ	fast,
οἱP88		<the>	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	iohannis	—	—	—	—	δὲ	<the>
δὲP88		but	δὲ	but	δε	\|	tui	tui	but	ܕܝܢ	but	σοὶ	but
σοὶP88		Your	σοὶ	Your	σοι	\|	autem	autem	Your	ܕܝܠܟ	Your	μαθηταὶ	Your
μαθηταὶP88		disciples	μαθηταὶ	disciples	μαθηται	\|	discipuli	discipuli	disciples	—	—	οὐ	disciples
οὐP88		not	οὐ	not	ου	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	νηστεύουσιν	not
νηστεύουσιν;¶P88		fast?	νηστεύουσιν;¶	fast?	νηστευουσιν	\|	ieiunant	jejunant	fast?	ܨܝܡܝܢ	fast?	νηστεύουσιν;¶	fast?
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP88

And

Καὶ

And

και

And

ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ

And

Καὶ

And

ησανP88

were

ἦσαν

were

ησαν

erant

were

ܕܝܢ

were

ἦσαν

were

οιP88

the

οἱ

the

οι

iohannis

—

οἱ

the

μαθηταιP88

disciples

μαθηταὶ

disciples

μαθηται

discipuli

disciples

—

μαθηταὶ

disciples

ιωανουP88

of John

Ἰωάννου

of John

ϊωαννου

—

Joannis

of John

ܕܝܘܚܢܢ

of John

Ἰωάννου

of John

καιP88

and

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܦܪܝܫܐ

and

καὶ

and

οιP88

the

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

φαρεισεοιP88

of the

τῶν

of the

—

τῶν

of the

νηστευοντεσP88

Pharisees

Φαρισαῖοι

Pharisees

φαρισαιοι

pharisaei

pharisæi

Pharisees

—

Φαρισαίων

Pharisees

καιP88

fasting

νηστεύοντες

fasting

νηστευοντες

—

ܨܝܡܝܢ

fasting

νηστεύοντες

fasting

ερχονταιP88

And

καὶ

And

και

ieiunantes

jejunantes

And

ܗܘܘ

And

καὶ

And

καιP88

they come

ἔρχονται

they come

ερχονται

they come

ܘܐܬܘ

they come

ἔρχονται

they come

λεγουσινP88

and

καὶ

and

και

ueniunt

veniunt

and

—

καὶ

and

αυτωP88

they say

λέγουσιν

they say

λεγουσιν

they say

ܘܐܡܪܝܢ

they say

λέγουσιν

they say

διαP88

to Him;

αὐτῷ·

to Him;

αυτω

dicunt

to Him;

ܠܗ

to Him;

αὐτῷ

to Him;

τιP88

Because of

διὰ

Because of

δια

illi

Because of

—

Διὰ

Because of

οιP88

why

τί

why

τι

quare

Quare

why

ܠܡܢܐ

why

τί

why

μαθηταιP88

the

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

ιωαννουP88

disciples

μαθηταὶ

disciples

μαθηται

discipuli

disciples

ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ

disciples

μαθηταὶ

disciples

καιP88

of John

Ἰωάννου

of John

ϊωαννου

—

Joannis

of John

—

Ἰωάννου

of John

οιP88

and

καὶ

and

και

and

ܕܝܘܚܢܢ

and

καὶ

and

μαθηταιP88

the

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

τωνP88

disciples

μαθηταὶ

disciples

—

pharisaeorum

pharisæorum

disciples

ܘܕܦܪܝܫܐ

disciples

τῶν

disciples

φαρειασεωνP88

of the

τῶν

of the

των

—

Φαρισαίων

of the

νηστευουσινP88

Pharisees

Φαρισαίων

Pharisees

φαρεισαιων

—

ܨܝܡܝܢ

Pharisees

νηστεύουσιν

Pharisees

νηστεύουσιν,P88

fast,

νηστεύουσιν,

fast,

νηστευουσιν

ieiunant

jejunant

fast,

—

οἱ

fast,

οἱP88

<the>

οἱ

<the>

οι

iohannis

—

δὲ

<the>

δὲP88

but

δὲ

but

δε

tui

but

ܕܝܢ

but

σοὶ

but

σοὶP88

Your

σοὶ

Your

σοι

autem

Your

ܕܝܠܟ

Your

μαθηταὶ

Your

μαθηταὶP88

disciples

μαθηταὶ

disciples

μαθηται

discipuli

disciples

—

οὐ

disciples

οὐP88

not

οὐ

not

ου

non

not

ܠܐ

not

νηστεύουσιν

not

νηστεύουσιν;¶P88

fast?

νηστεύουσιν;¶

fast?

νηστευουσιν

ieiunant

jejunant

fast?

ܨܝܡܝܢ

fast?

νηστεύουσιν;¶

fast?

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Mark 2:18

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 2:18

Translation Lineage