Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܟܠܗܘܢ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	πάντες	all	παντες	\|	omnes	omnes	all	ܕܫܡܥܘ	all	πάντες	all
		—	οἱ	those	οι	\|	qui	—	—	—	—	οἱ	those
		—	ἀκούσαντες	having heard	—	\|	audiebant	audierunt	having heard	ܐܬܕܡܪܘ	having heard	ἀκούσαντες	having heard
		—	ἐθαύμασαν	they marveled	—	\|	mirati	mirati	they marveled	ܥܠ	they marveled	ἐθαύμασαν	they marveled
		—	περὶ	concerning	περι	\|	sunt	sunt	concerning	—	—	περὶ	concerning
		—	τῶν	the things	των	\|	sunt	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the things
		—	λαληθέντων	having been spoken	λαληθεντων	\|	de	de	having been spoken	ܐܝܠܝܢ	having been spoken	λαληθέντων	having been spoken
		—	ὑπὸ	by	ϋπο	\|	his	his	by	ܕܐܬܡܠܠ	by	ὑπὸ	by
		—	τῶν	the	των	\|	quae	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
		—	ποιμένων	shepherds	ποιμενων	\|	dicta	dicta	shepherds	ܠܗܘܢ	shepherds	ποιμένων	shepherds
		—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	pastoribus	erant	to	ܡܢ	to	πρὸς	to
		—	αὐτούς.¶	them.	αυτους	\|	ad	a	them.	ܪܥܘܬܐ	them.	αὐτούς	them.
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܟܠܗܘܢ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	πάντες	all	παντες	\|	omnes	omnes	all	ܕܫܡܥܘ	all	πάντες	all
	—	οἱ	those	οι	\|	qui	—	—	—	—	οἱ	those
	—	ἀκούσαντες	having heard	—	\|	audiebant	audierunt	having heard	ܐܬܕܡܪܘ	having heard	ἀκούσαντες	having heard
	—	ἐθαύμασαν	they marveled	—	\|	mirati	mirati	they marveled	ܥܠ	they marveled	ἐθαύμασαν	they marveled
	—	περὶ	concerning	περι	\|	sunt	sunt	concerning	—	—	περὶ	concerning
	—	τῶν	the things	των	\|	sunt	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the things
	—	λαληθέντων	having been spoken	λαληθεντων	\|	de	de	having been spoken	ܐܝܠܝܢ	having been spoken	λαληθέντων	having been spoken
	—	ὑπὸ	by	ϋπο	\|	his	his	by	ܕܐܬܡܠܠ	by	ὑπὸ	by
	—	τῶν	the	των	\|	quae	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
	—	ποιμένων	shepherds	ποιμενων	\|	dicta	dicta	shepherds	ܠܗܘܢ	shepherds	ποιμένων	shepherds
	—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	pastoribus	erant	to	ܡܢ	to	πρὸς	to
	—	αὐτούς.¶	them.	αυτους	\|	ad	a	them.	ܪܥܘܬܐ	them.	αὐτούς	them.
Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܟܠܗܘܢ

And

Καὶ

And

—

πάντες

all

παντες

omnes

all

ܕܫܡܥܘ

all

πάντες

all

—

οἱ

those

οι

qui

—

οἱ

those

—

ἀκούσαντες

having heard

—

audiebant

audierunt

having heard

ܐܬܕܡܪܘ

having heard

ἀκούσαντες

having heard

—

ἐθαύμασαν

they marveled

—

mirati

they marveled

ܥܠ

they marveled

ἐθαύμασαν

they marveled

—

περὶ

concerning

περι

sunt

concerning

—

περὶ

concerning

—

τῶν

the things

των

sunt

—

τῶν

the things

—

λαληθέντων

having been spoken

λαληθεντων

having been spoken

ܐܝܠܝܢ

having been spoken

λαληθέντων

having been spoken

—

ὑπὸ

ϋπο

his

ܕܐܬܡܠܠ

ὑπὸ

—

τῶν

the

των

quae

—

τῶν

the

—

ποιμένων

shepherds

ποιμενων

dicta

shepherds

ܠܗܘܢ

shepherds

ποιμένων

shepherds

—

πρὸς

προς

pastoribus

erant

ܡܢ

πρὸς

—

αὐτούς.¶

them.

αυτους

them.

ܪܥܘܬܐ

them.

αὐτούς

them.

Next Fragment: Luke 2:29

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 2:18

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 2:18

Translation Lineage