Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
παραδοσινP45		<the>	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	primo	—	—	—	—	Οἱ	<the>
τωνP45		For	γὰρ	For	γαρ	\|	pharisaei	Pharisæi	For	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	For
πρεσβυτερωνP45		the Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	the Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	enim	enim	the Pharisees	ܓܝܪ	the Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	the Pharisees
καὶP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܝܗܘܕܝܐ	and	καὶ	and
πάντεςP45		all	πάντες	all	παντες	\|	omnes	omnes	all	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	all	πάντες	all
οἱP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
ἸουδαῖοιP45		Jews	Ἰουδαῖοι	Jews	ϊουδαιοι	\|	iudaei	Judæi	Jews	ܐܢ	Jews	Ἰουδαῖοι	Jews
ἐὰνP45		only	ἐὰν	only	εαν	\|	nisi	nisi	only	ܗܘ	only	ἐὰν	only
μὴP45		unless	μὴ	unless	μη	\|	tas	crebro	unless	ܕܒܛܝܠܐܝܬ	unless	μὴ	unless
πυγμῇP45		with a fist	πυγμῇ	with a fist	πυγμη	\|	—	—	—	ܠܐ	with a fist	πυγμῇ	with a fist
νίψωνταιP45		they shall wash	νίψωνται	they shall wash	νιψωνται	\|	lauerint	laverint	they shall wash	ܡܫܝܓܝܢ	they shall wash	νίψωνται	they shall wash
τὰςP45		the	τὰς	the	τας	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὰς	the
χεῖρας,P45		hands,	χεῖρας,	hands,	χειρας	\|	χeir	manus	hands,	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	hands,	χεῖρας	hands,
οὐκP45		not	οὐκ	not	ουκ	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	οὐκ	not
ἐσθίουσινP45		eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat	εσθειουσιν	\|	manducant	manducant	eat	ܠܥܤܝܢ	eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat
κρατοῦντεςP45		holding	κρατοῦντες	holding	κρατουντες	\|	tenentes	tenentes	holding	ܡܛܠ	holding	κρατοῦντες	holding
τὴνP45		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
παράδοσινP45		tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition	παραδοσιν	\|	traditionem	traditionem	tradition	ܕܐܚܝܕܝܢ	tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition
τῶνP45		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	panem	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
πρεσβυτέρων·P45		elders;	πρεσβυτέρων·	elders;	πρεσβυτερων	\|	seniorum	seniorum	elders;	ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ	elders;	πρεσβυτέρων	elders;
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
παραδοσινP45		<the>	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	primo	—	—	—	—	Οἱ	<the>
τωνP45		For	γὰρ	For	γαρ	\|	pharisaei	Pharisæi	For	ܓܝܪ	for	γὰρ	For
πρεσβυτερωνP45		the Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	the Pharisees	φαρισαιοι	\|	enim	enim	the Pharisees	ܓܝܪ	the Pharisees	Φαρισαῖοι	the Pharisees
καὶP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܝܗܘܕܝܐ	and	καὶ	and
πάντεςP45		all	πάντες	all	παντες	\|	omnes	omnes	all	ܘܦܪܝܫܐ	all	πάντες	all
οἱP45		the	οἱ	the	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	the
ἸουδαῖοιP45		Jews	Ἰουδαῖοι	Jews	ϊουδαιοι	\|	iudaei	Judæi	Jews	ܐܢ	Jews	Ἰουδαῖοι	Jews
ἐὰνP45		only	ἐὰν	only	εαν	\|	nisi	nisi	only	ܗܘ	only	ἐὰν	only
μὴP45		unless	μὴ	unless	μη	\|	tas	crebro	unless	ܕܒܛܝܠܐܝܬ	unless	μὴ	unless
πυγμῇP45		with a fist	πυγμῇ	with a fist	πυγμη	\|	—	—	—	ܠܐ	with a fist	πυγμῇ	with a fist
νίψωνταιP45		they shall wash	νίψωνται	they shall wash	νιψωνται	\|	lauerint	laverint	they shall wash	ܡܫܝܓܝܢ	they shall wash	νίψωνται	they shall wash
τὰςP45		the	τὰς	the	τας	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὰς	the
χεῖρας,P45		hands,	χεῖρας,	hands,	χειρας	\|	χeir	manus	hands,	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	hands,	χεῖρας	hands,
οὐκP45		not	οὐκ	not	ουκ	\|	non	non	not	ܠܐ	not	οὐκ	not
ἐσθίουσινP45		eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat	εσθειουσιν	\|	manducant	manducant	eat	ܠܥܤܝܢ	eat	ἐσθίουσιν	eat
κρατοῦντεςP45		holding	κρατοῦντες	holding	κρατουντες	\|	tenentes	tenentes	holding	ܡܛܠ	holding	κρατοῦντες	holding
τὴνP45		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
παράδοσινP45		tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition	παραδοσιν	\|	traditionem	traditionem	tradition	ܕܐܚܝܕܝܢ	tradition	παράδοσιν	tradition
τῶνP45		of the	τῶν	of the	των	\|	panem	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
πρεσβυτέρων·P45		elders;	πρεσβυτέρων·	elders;	πρεσβυτερων	\|	seniorum	seniorum	elders;	ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ	elders;	πρεσβυτέρων	elders;
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

παραδοσινP45

<the>

οἱ

<the>

οι

primo

—

Οἱ

<the>

τωνP45

For

γὰρ

For

γαρ

pharisaei

Pharisæi

For

ܓܝܪ

for

γὰρ

For

πρεσβυτερωνP45

the Pharisees

Φαρισαῖοι

the Pharisees

φαρισαιοι

enim

the Pharisees

ܓܝܪ

the Pharisees

Φαρισαῖοι

the Pharisees

καὶP45

and

καὶ

and

και

and

ܝܗܘܕܝܐ

and

καὶ

and

πάντεςP45

all

πάντες

all

παντες

omnes

all

ܘܦܪܝܫܐ

all

πάντες

all

οἱP45

the

οἱ

the

οι

—

οἱ

the

ἸουδαῖοιP45

Jews

Ἰουδαῖοι

Jews

ϊουδαιοι

iudaei

Judæi

Jews

ܐܢ

Jews

Ἰουδαῖοι

Jews

ἐὰνP45

only

ἐὰν

only

εαν

nisi

only

ܗܘ

only

ἐὰν

only

μὴP45

unless

μὴ

unless

μη

tas

crebro

unless

ܕܒܛܝܠܐܝܬ

unless

μὴ

unless

πυγμῇP45

with a fist

πυγμῇ

with a fist

πυγμη

—

ܠܐ

with a fist

πυγμῇ

with a fist

νίψωνταιP45

they shall wash

νίψωνται

they shall wash

νιψωνται

lauerint

laverint

they shall wash

ܡܫܝܓܝܢ

they shall wash

νίψωνται

they shall wash

τὰςP45

the

τὰς

the

τας

—

τὰς

the

χεῖρας,P45

hands,

χεῖρας,

hands,

χειρας

χeir

manus

hands,

ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ

hands,

χεῖρας

hands,

οὐκP45

not

οὐκ

not

ουκ

non

not

ܠܐ

not

οὐκ

not

ἐσθίουσινP45

eat

ἐσθίουσιν

eat

εσθειουσιν

manducant

eat

ܠܥܤܝܢ

eat

ἐσθίουσιν

eat

κρατοῦντεςP45

holding

κρατοῦντες

holding

κρατουντες

tenentes

holding

ܡܛܠ

holding

κρατοῦντες

holding

τὴνP45

the

τὴν

the

την

—

τὴν

the

παράδοσινP45

tradition

παράδοσιν

tradition

παραδοσιν

traditionem

tradition

ܕܐܚܝܕܝܢ

tradition

παράδοσιν

tradition

τῶνP45

of the

τῶν

of the

των

panem

—

τῶν

of the

πρεσβυτέρων·P45

elders;

πρεσβυτέρων·

elders;

πρεσβυτερων

seniorum

elders;

ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ

elders;

πρεσβυτέρων

elders;

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Mark 7:3

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 7:3

Translation Lineage