Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܚܙܘ	And	καὶ	And
		—	ἰδόντες	they had seen	—	\|	cum	cum	they had seen	ܐܢܫܝܢ	they had seen	ἰδόντες	they had seen
		—	τινὰς	some	τινας	\|	uidissent	vidissent	some	—	—	τινὰς	some
		—	τῶν	of the	των	\|	quosdam	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
		—	μαθητῶν	disciples	μαθητων	\|	suorum	ex	disciples	ܡܢ	disciples	μαθητῶν	disciples
		—	αὐτοῦ	of Him	αυτου	\|	discipulorum	discipulis	of Him	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him
		—	ὅτι	that	—	\|	—	ejus	that	ܕܐܟܠܝܢ	that	κοιναῖς	that
		—	κοιναῖς	with defiled	—	\|	communibus	communibus	with defiled	—	—	χερσίν	with defiled
		—	χερσίν,	hands,	χερσιν	\|	manibus	manibus	hands,	ܠܚܡܐ	hands,	τοῦτ’	hands,
		—	τοῦτ᾽	That	τουτ	\|	id	id	That	ܟܕ	That	ἔστιν	That
		—	ἔστιν	is	εστιν	\|	est	est	is	ܠܐ	is	ἀνίπτοις	is
		—	ἀνίπτοις,	unwashed,	ανιπτοις	\|	non	non	unwashed,	ܡܫܓܢ	unwashed,	ἐσθίοντας	unwashed,
		—	ἐσθίουσιν	are eating	—	\|	lotis	lotis	are eating	—	—	ἄρτους	are eating
		—	τοὺς	the	τους	\|	manducare	—	—	—	—	ἐμέμψαντο	the
		—	ἄρτους	bread	αρτους	\|	panem	panes	bread	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	bread	ἄρτους	bread
		—	ἐμέμψαντο·	they found fault;	—	\|	uituperauerunt	vituperaverunt	they found fault;	ܘܐܬܥܕܠܘ	they found fault;	ἐμέμψαντο·	they found fault;
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܚܙܘ	And	καὶ	And
	—	ἰδόντες	they had seen	—	\|	cum	cum	they had seen	ܐܢܫܝܢ	they had seen	ἰδόντες	they had seen
	—	τινὰς	some	τινας	\|	uidissent	vidissent	some	—	—	τινὰς	some
	—	τῶν	of the	των	\|	quosdam	—	—	—	—	τῶν	of the
	—	μαθητῶν	disciples	μαθητων	\|	suorum	ex	disciples	ܡܢ	disciples	μαθητῶν	disciples
	—	αὐτοῦ	of Him	αυτου	\|	discipulorum	discipulis	of Him	ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ	of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him
	—	ὅτι	that	—	\|	—	ejus	that	ܕܐܟܠܝܢ	that	κοιναῖς	that
	—	κοιναῖς	with defiled	—	\|	communibus	communibus	with defiled	—	—	χερσίν	with defiled
	—	χερσίν,	hands,	χερσιν	\|	manibus	manibus	hands,	ܠܚܡܐ	hands,	τοῦτ’	hands,
	—	τοῦτ᾽	That	τουτ	\|	id	id	That	ܟܕ	That	ἔστιν	That
	—	ἔστιν	is	εστιν	\|	est	est	is	ܠܐ	is	ἀνίπτοις	is
	—	ἀνίπτοις,	unwashed,	ανιπτοις	\|	non	non	unwashed,	ܡܫܓܢ	unwashed,	ἐσθίοντας	unwashed,
	—	ἐσθίουσιν	are eating	—	\|	lotis	lotis	are eating	—	—	ἄρτους	are eating
	—	τοὺς	the	τους	\|	manducare	—	—	—	—	ἐμέμψαντο	the
	—	ἄρτους	bread	αρτους	\|	panem	panes	bread	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	bread	ἄρτους	bread
	—	ἐμέμψαντο·	they found fault;	—	\|	uituperauerunt	vituperaverunt	they found fault;	ܘܐܬܥܕܠܘ	they found fault;	ἐμέμψαντο·	they found fault;
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܚܙܘ

And

καὶ

And

—

ἰδόντες

they had seen

—

cum

they had seen

ܐܢܫܝܢ

they had seen

ἰδόντες

they had seen

—

τινὰς

some

τινας

uidissent

vidissent

some

—

τινὰς

some

—

τῶν

of the

των

quosdam

—

τῶν

of the

—

μαθητῶν

disciples

μαθητων

suorum

disciples

ܡܢ

disciples

μαθητῶν

disciples

—

αὐτοῦ

of Him

αυτου

discipulorum

discipulis

of Him

ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ

of Him

αὐτοῦ

of Him

—

ὅτι

that

—

ejus

that

ܕܐܟܠܝܢ

that

κοιναῖς

that

—

κοιναῖς

with defiled

—

communibus

with defiled

—

χερσίν

with defiled

—

χερσίν,

hands,

χερσιν

manibus

hands,

ܠܚܡܐ

hands,

τοῦτ’

hands,

—

τοῦτ᾽

That

τουτ

That

ܟܕ

That

ἔστιν

That

—

ἔστιν

εστιν

est

ܠܐ

ἀνίπτοις

—

ἀνίπτοις,

unwashed,

ανιπτοις

non

unwashed,

ܡܫܓܢ

unwashed,

ἐσθίοντας

unwashed,

—

ἐσθίουσιν

are eating

—

lotis

are eating

—

ἄρτους

are eating

—

τοὺς

the

τους

manducare

—

ἐμέμψαντο

the

—

ἄρτους

bread

αρτους

panem

panes

bread

ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ

bread

ἄρτους

bread

—

ἐμέμψαντο·

they found fault;

—

uituperauerunt

vituperaverunt

they found fault;

ܘܐܬܥܕܠܘ

they found fault;

ἐμέμψαντο·

they found fault;

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Mark 7:2

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 7:2

Translation Lineage