The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ουδεισP4 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | — | Et | And | ܘܠܐ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
πιωνP4 · P75 | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | — | | | — | nemo | no one | ܐܢܫ | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | |||||
παλαιονP4 · P75 | having drunk | πιὼν | having drunk | — | | | — | bibens | having drunk | ܫܬܐ | having drunk | πιὼν | having drunk | |||||
θελειP4 · P75 | old wine | παλαιὸν | old wine | — | | | — | vetus | old wine | ܚܡܪܐ | old wine | παλαιὸν | old wine | |||||
νεονP4 · P75 | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | — | | | — | statim | immediately | ܥܬܝܩܐ | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | |||||
λεγειP4 · P75 | desires | θέλει | desires | — | | | — | vult | desires | ܘܡܚܕܐ | desires | θέλει | desires | |||||
γαρP4 · P75 | new, | νέον, | new, | — | | | — | novum | new, | ܒܥܐ | new, | νέον | new, | |||||
οP4 · P75 | he says | λέγει | he says | — | | | — | dicit | he says | ܚܕܬܐ | he says | λέγει | he says | |||||
παλαιοσP4 · P75 | for; | γάρ· | for; | — | | | — | enim | for; | ܐܡܪ | for; | γάρ | for; | |||||
χρηστοσP4 · P75 | The | ὁ | The | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | |||||
εστινP4 · P75 | old | παλαιὸς | old | — | | | — | Vetus | old | ܓܝܪ | old | παλαιὸς | old | |||||
χρηστόςP4 · P75 | good | χρηστός | good | — | | | — | melius | good | ܥܬܝܩܐ | good | χρηστότερός | good | |||||
ἐστιν.¶P4 · P75 | is. | ἐστιν.¶ | is. | — | | | — | est | is. | ܒܤܝܡ | is. | ἐστιν | is. | |||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 6:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||