The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܠܨܘܗܝ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
παρεβιασαντοP75 | they constrained | παρεβιάσαντο | they constrained | — | | | coxerunt | coëgerunt | they constrained | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | they constrained | παρεβιάσαντο | they constrained | |||||
αυτονP75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | — | illum | Him | — | — | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
λεγοντεσP75 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | eum | — | — | ܠܗ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | |||||
μεινονP75 | do abide | μεῖνον | do abide | μεινον | | | dicentes | dicentes | do abide | ܦܘܫ | do abide | Μεῖνον | do abide | |||||
μεθP75 | with | μεθ᾽ | with | μεθ | | | mane | Mane | with | — | — | μεθ’ | with | |||||
ημωνP75 | us, | ἡμῶν, | us, | ημων | | | nobiscum | nobiscum | us, | ܠܘܬܢ | us, | ἡμῶν | us, | |||||
οτιP75 | for | ὅτι | for | οτι | | | — | quoniam | for | ܡܛܠ | for | ὅτι | for | |||||
προσP75 | toward | πρὸς | toward | προς | | | aduesperum | advesperascit | toward | — | — | πρὸς | toward | |||||
εσπερανP75 | evening | ἑσπέραν | evening | εσπεραν | | | — | — | — | ܕܝܘܡܐ | evening | ἑσπέραν | evening | |||||
εστινP75 | it is | ἐστὶν | it is | — | | | et | et | it is | ܗܫܐ | it is | ἐστίν | it is | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | quia | inclinata | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
κεκλικενP75 | has declined | κέκλικεν | has declined | — | | | — | est | has declined | ܪܟܢ | has declined | κέκλικεν | has declined | |||||
ηδηP75 | now | ἤδη | now | — | | | declinauit | jam | now | ܠܗ | now | ἡ | now | |||||
ηP75 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡμέρα | the | |||||
ημεραP75 | day. | ἡμέρα. | day. | ημερα | | | dies | dies | day. | — | — | Καὶ | day. | |||||
καιP75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | — | Et | And | ܠܡܚܫܟ | And | εἰσῆλθεν | And | |||||
εισηλθενP75 | He entered in | εἰσῆλθεν | He entered in | εισηλθεν | | | manere | — | — | ܘܥܠ | He entered in | τοῦ | He entered in | |||||
τουP75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | μεῖναι | <the> | |||||
μειναιP75 | to abide | μεῖναι | to abide | μειναι | | | introibit | intravit | to abide | — | — | σὺν | to abide | |||||
συνP75 | with | σὺν | with | — | | | cum | cum | with | ܕܢܩܘܐ | with | αὐτοῖς | with | |||||
αυτοισP75 | them. | αὐτοῖς. | them. | — | | | eis | illis | them. | ܠܘܬܗܘܢ | them. | αὐτοῖς. | them. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||