The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αφρονεσP45 · P75 | Fools! | ἄφρονες, | Fools! | αφρονες | | | stulti | Stulti | Fools! | ܚܤܝܪܝ | Fools! | Ἄφρονες | Fools! | |||||
ουκP45 · P75 | Surely | οὐχ | Surely | ουχ | | | nonne | nonne | Surely | ܪܥܝܢܐ | Surely | οὐχ | Surely | |||||
οP45 · P75 | the One | ὁ | the One | ο | | | qui | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the One | |||||
ποιησασP45 · P75 | having made | ποιήσας | having made | ποιησας | | | fecit | fecit | having made | ܗܘܐ | having made | ποιήσας | having made | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | quod | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
εσωθενP45 · P75 | outside | ἔξωθεν | outside | — | | | intus | deforis | outside | ܕܥܒܕ | outside | ἔξωθεν | outside | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | also | καὶ | also | — | | | est | est | also | ܕܠܒܪ | also | καὶ | also | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
εξωθενP45 · P75 | inside | ἔσωθεν | inside | εσωθεν | | | — | id | inside | ܗܘ | inside | ἔσωθεν | inside | |||||
εποιησενP45 · P75 | made? | ἐποίησεν; | made? | εποιησεν | | | quod | quod | made? | ܥܒܕ | made? | ἐποίησεν | made? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||