The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
σκοπειP45 · P75 | do take heed | σκόπει | do take heed | — | | | — | Vide | do take heed | ܐܙܕܗܪ | do take heed | Σκόπει | do take heed | |||||
ουνP45 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | — | ergo | therefore | ܗܟܝܠ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
μηP45 · P75 | lest | μὴ | lest | — | | | — | ne | lest | ܕܠܡܐ | lest | μὴ | lest | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φωσP45 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | — | quod | light | — | — | φῶς | light | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | that is | τὸ | that is | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | that is | |||||
ενP45 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | te | in | ܢܘܗܪܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
σοιP45 · P75 | you | σοὶ | you | σοι | | | — | est | you | ܕܒܟ | you | σοὶ | you | |||||
σκοτοσP45 · P75 | darkness | σκότος | darkness | σκοτος | | | — | tenebræ | darkness | ܚܫܘܟܐ | darkness | σκότος | darkness | |||||
εστινP45 · P75 | be. | ἐστίν. | be. | — | | | — | sint | be. | ܗܘ | be. | ἐστίν | be. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||