The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ουδεισP45 · P75 | But no one | Οὐδεὶς | But no one | ουδεις | | | nemo | Nemo | But no one | ܠܐ | But no one | Οὐδεὶς | But no one | |||||
λυχνονP45 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | lucernam | lucernam | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
αψασP45 · P75 | a lamp | λύχνον | a lamp | λυχνον | | | accendens | accendit | a lamp | ܡܢܗܪ | a lamp | λύχνον | a lamp | |||||
εισP45 · P75 | having lit | ἅψας | having lit | αψας | | | occultum | et | having lit | ܫܪܓܐ | having lit | ἅψας | having lit | |||||
κρυπτονP45 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | ܘܤܐܡ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
τιθησινP45 · P75 | a cellar | κρύπτην | a cellar | κρυπτην | | | — | abscondito | a cellar | ܠܗ | a cellar | κρύπτην | a cellar | |||||
αλλαP45 · P75 | sets it | τίθησιν | sets it | τιθησιν | | | ponit | ponit | sets it | ܒܟܤܝܐ | sets it | τίθησιν | sets it | |||||
επιP45 · P75 | nor sets it | οὐδὲ | nor sets it | ουδε | | | neque | neque | nor sets it | ܐܘ | nor sets it | οὐδὲ | nor sets it | |||||
τηνP45 · P75 | under | ὑπὸ | under | ϋπο | | | sub | sub | under | ܬܚܝܬ | under | ὑπὸ | under | |||||
λυχνιανP45 · P75 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | uideant | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
ιναP45 · P75 | basket | μόδιον | basket | μοδιον | | | modium | modio | basket | ܤܐܬܐ | basket | μόδιον | basket | |||||
οιP45 · P75 | but | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλ’ | but | |||||
εισπορευομενοιP45 · P75 | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | επι | | | super | supra | upon | ܠܥܠ | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
φεγγοσP45 · P75 | lampstand | λυχνίαν | lampstand | λυχνιαν | | | candelabrum | candelabrum | lampstand | ܡܢ | lampstand | λυχνίαν | lampstand | |||||
βλεπωσινP45 · P75 | that | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | that | ܡܢܪܬܐ | that | ἵνα | that | |||||
οἱP45 · P75 | those | οἱ | those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | |||||
εἰσπορευόμενοιP45 · P75 | entering in | εἰσπορευόμενοι | entering in | εισπορευομενοι | | | — | qui | entering in | ܕܐܝܠܝܢ | entering in | εἰσπορευόμενοι | entering in | |||||
τὸP45 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φῶςP45 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | introeuntes | ingrediuntur | light | ܕܥܐܠܝܢ | light | φέγγος | light | |||||
βλέπωσιν.¶P45 · P75 | may see. | βλέπωσιν.¶ | may see. | βλεπωσιν | | | lumen | lumen | may see. | ܢܚܙܘܢ | may see. | βλέπωσιν | may see. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||