The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ιηP45 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
ωσP45 · P66 · P75 | when | ὡς | when | ως | | | ut | ut | when | ܟܕ | when | ὡς | when | |||||
ειδενP45 · P66 · P75 | He saw | εἶδεν | He saw | ειδεν | | | uidit | vidit | He saw | ܚܙܗ | He saw | εἶδεν | He saw | |||||
αυτηνP45 · P66 · P75 | her | αὐτὴν | her | αυτην | | | eam | eam | her | — | — | αὐτὴν | her | |||||
κλαιουσανP45 · P66 · P75 | weeping | κλαίουσαν | weeping | κλαιουσαν | | | plorantem | plorantem | weeping | ܕܒܟܝܐ | weeping | κλαίουσαν | weeping | |||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τουσP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | iudaeos | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
ιουδαιουσP45 · P66 · P75 | having come with | συνελθόντας | having come with | — | | | qui | qui | having come with | ܗܢܘܢ | having come with | συνελθόντας | having come with | |||||
κλαιοντασP45 · P66 · P75 | her | αὐτῇ | her | — | | | uenerant | venerant | her | ܕܐܬܘ | her | αὐτῇ | her | |||||
τουσP45 · P66 · P75 | Jews | Ἰουδαίους | Jews | — | | | cum | cum | Jews | ܥܡܗ | Jews | Ἰουδαίους | Jews | |||||
συνεληλυθοτασP45 · P66 · P75 | weeping, | κλαίοντας, | weeping, | κλαιοντας | | | ea | ea | weeping, | ܕܒܟܝܢ | weeping, | κλαίοντας | weeping, | |||||
αυτηιP45 · P66 · P75 | He was deeply moved | ἐνεβριμήσατο | He was deeply moved | — | | | plorantes | plorantes | He was deeply moved | — | — | ἐνεβριμήσατο | He was deeply moved | |||||
εταραχθηP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | simul | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
τωιP45 · P66 · P75 | in spirit | πνεύματι | in spirit | πνευματι | | | spiritu | spiritu | in spirit | ܐܬܥܙܙ | in spirit | πνεύματι | in spirit | |||||
πνιP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | conturbatus | et | and | ܒܪܘܚܗ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ωσP45 · P66 · P75 | troubled | ἐτάραξεν | troubled | — | | | sicut | turbavit | troubled | ܘܐܙܝܥ | troubled | ἐτάραξεν | troubled | |||||
ενβριμουμενοσP45 · P66 · P75 | Himself | ἑαυτὸν | Himself | — | | | — | seipsum | Himself | ܢܦܫܗ | Himself | ἑαυτόν | Himself | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||