The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ετεροιP45 · P75 | Others | Ἕτεροι | Others | ετεροι | | | autem | Et | Others | ܐܚܪܢܐ | Others | Ἕτεροι | Others | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | alii | alii | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
πειραζοντεσP45 · P75 | testing | πειράζοντες | testing | πειραζοντες | | | temptantes | tentantes | testing | ܟܕ | testing | πειράζοντες | testing | |||||
σημειονP45 · P75 | a sign | σημεῖον | a sign | σημειον | | | signum | signum | a sign | ܡܢܤܝܢ | a sign | σημεῖον | a sign | |||||
εξP45 · P75 | from | ἐξ | from | εξ | | | de | de | from | ܠܗ | from | παρ’ | from | |||||
ουρανουP45 · P75 | heaven | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ουρανου | | | caelo | cælo | heaven | ܐܬܐ | heaven | αὐτοῦ | heaven | |||||
εζητουνP45 · P75 | were seeking | ἐζήτουν | were seeking | εζητουν | | | quaerebant | quærebant | were seeking | ܡܢ | were seeking | ἐζήτουν | were seeking | |||||
παρP45 · P75 | from | παρ᾽ | from | παρ | | | ab | ab | from | ܫܡܝܐ | from | ἐξ | from | |||||
αυτουP45 · P75 | Him. | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | αυτου | | | eo | eo | Him. | ܫܐܠܝܢ | Him. | οὐρανοῦ | Him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||