The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP45 · P75 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Et | He said | ܗܘ | He said | Εἶπεν | He said | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | ait | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
αυτοισP45 · P75 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | ad | illis | to them; | ܐܡܪ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | |||||
εθεωρουνP45 · P75 | I was beholding | ἐθεώρουν | I was beholding | εθεωρουν | | | uidebam | Videbam | I was beholding | ܠܗܘܢ | I was beholding | Ἐθεώρουν | I was beholding | |||||
τονP45 · P75 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
σατανανP45 · P75 | Satan | σατανᾶν | Satan | σαταναν | | | eos | Satanam | Satan | ܗܘܝܬ | Satan | Σατανᾶν | Satan | |||||
ωσP45 · P75 | as | ὡς | as | ως | | | sicut | sicut | as | ܠܗ | as | ὡς | as | |||||
αστραπηνP45 · P75 | lightning | ἀστραπὴν | lightning | αστραπην | | | fulgur | fulgor | lightning | ܠܤܛܢܐ | lightning | ἀστραπὴν | lightning | |||||
εκP45 · P75 | out of | ἐκ | out of | εκ | | | de | de | out of | ܕܢܦܠ | out of | ἐκ | out of | |||||
τουP45 · P75 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | sanan | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
ουρανουP45 · P75 | heaven | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ουρανου | | | caelo | cælo | heaven | ܒܪܩܐ | heaven | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | |||||
πεσονταP45 · P75 | having fallen. | πεσόντα. | having fallen. | πεσοντα | | | cadentem | cadentem | having fallen. | ܡܢ | having fallen. | πεσόντα | having fallen. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||