The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
τουτοP45 · P66 · P75 | This is | Τοῦτο | This is | — | | | hoc | Hoc | This is | ܗܕܐ | This is | Τοῦτο | This is | |||||
δεP45 · P66 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | iterum | iterum | now | ܕܝܢ | but | πάλιν | now | |||||
παλινP45 · P66 · P75 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | secundum | secundum | again | ܐܬܐ | again | δεύτερον | again | |||||
δευτερονP45 · P66 · P75 | the second | δεύτερον | the second | δευτερον | | | signum | signum | the second | ܕܬܪܬܝܢ | the second | σημεῖον | the second | |||||
σημειονP45 · P66 · P75 | sign | σημεῖον | sign | σημειον | | | fecit | fecit | sign | ܥܒܕ | sign | ἐποίησεν | sign | |||||
εποιησενP45 · P66 · P75 | did | ἐποίησεν | did | εποιησεν | | | ihs | Jesus | did | — | — | ὁ | did | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | de | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | — | cum | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | ἐλθὼν | Jesus | |||||
ελθωνP45 · P66 · P75 | having come | ἐλθὼν | having come | ελθων | | | ueniens | venisset | having come | ܟܕ | having come | ἐκ | having come | |||||
εκP45 · P66 · P75 | out of | ἐκ | out of | εκ | | | — | a | out of | ܐܬܐ | out of | τῆς | out of | |||||
τησP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰουδαίας | <the> | |||||
ιουδαιασP45 · P66 · P75 | Judea | Ἰουδαίας | Judea | ϊουδαιας | | | iudaea | Judæa | Judea | ܡܢ | Judea | εἰς | Judea | |||||
εισP45 · P66 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܝܗܘܕ | into | τὴν | into | |||||
τηνP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | Γαλιλαίαν | <the> | |||||
γαλιλαιανP45 · P66 · P75 | Galilee. | Γαλιλαίαν.¶ | Galilee. | γαλιλαιαν | | | galilaeam | Galilæam | Galilee. | ܠܓܠܝܠܐ | Galilee. | Γαλιλαίαν.¶ | Galilee. | |||||
| Next Fragment: John 5:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||