The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εγνωP45 · P66 · P75 | Knew | Ἔγνω | Knew | εγνω | | | cognouit | Cognovit | Knew | ܘܝܕܥ | Knew | Ἔγνω | Knew | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | — | — | οὖν | therefore | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
πρP45 · P66 · P75 | father | πατὴρ | father | πατηρ | | | pater | pater | father | ܐܒܘܗܝ | father | πατὴρ | father | |||||
οτιP45 · P66 · P75 | that it was | ὅτι | that it was | οτι | | | — | quia | that it was | ܕܒܗܝ | that it was | ὅτι | that it was | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | illa | illa | in | — | — | ἐν | in | |||||
εκεινηιP45 · P66 · P75 | that very | ἐκείνῃ | that very | εκεινη | | | hora | hora | that very | ܫܥܬܐ | that very | ἐκείνῃ | that very | |||||
τηιP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | <the> | |||||
ωραP45 · P66 · P75 | hour | ὥρᾳ | hour | ωρα | | | in | erat | hour | — | — | ὥρᾳ | hour | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | at | ἐν | at | εν | | | in | in | at | ܕܒܗ | at | ἐν | at | |||||
ηιP45 · P66 · P75 | which | ᾗ | which | η | | | qua | — | — | — | — | ᾗ | which | |||||
ειπενP45 · P66 · P75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | said | — | — | εἶπεν | said | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P66 · P75 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | — | ei | to him | ܠܗ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιηP45 · P66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | illi | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | that: | ὅτι· | that: | οτι | | | ihs | Jesus | that: | ܝܫܘܥ | that: | ὅτι | that: | |||||
υσP45 · P66 · P75 | The | ὁ | The | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | |||||
σουP45 · P66 · P75 | son | υἱός | son | ϋιος | | | filius | Filius | son | — | — | υἱός | son | |||||
ζηP45 · P66 · P75 | of You | σου | of You | σου | | | tuus | tuus | of You | ܕܒܪܟ | of You | σου | of You | |||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | lives. | ζῇ. | lives. | ζη | | | uiuit | vivit | lives. | ܚܝܐ | lives. | ζῇ | lives. | |||||
επιστευσενP45 · P66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | — | — | καὶ | And | |||||
αυτοσP45 · P66 · P75 | he believed | ἐπίστευσεν | he believed | επιστευσεν | | | credidit | credidit | he believed | ܘܗܝܡܢ | he believed | ἐπίστευσεν | he believed | |||||
καιP45 · P66 · P75 | himself | αὐτὸς | himself | αυτος | | | ipse | ipse | himself | — | — | αὐτὸς | himself | |||||
ηP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܗܘ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
οικιαP45 · P66 · P75 | the | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | |||||
αυτουP45 · P66 · P75 | household | οἰκία | household | οικια | | | domus | domus | household | ܘܒܝܬܗ | household | οἰκία | household | |||||
οληP45 · P66 · P75 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | quoniam | ejus | of him | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
ὅλη.¶P45 · P66 · P75 | all. | ὅλη.¶ | all. | ολη | | | tota | tota | all. | ܟܠܗ | all. | ὅλη | all. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||