Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	—	et	and	ܘܕܚܠܘ	And	Καὶ	And
εφοβηθησανP45		they feared	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared	εφοβηθησαν	\|	—	timuerunt	they feared	ܕܚܠܬܐ	they feared	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared
φοβονP45		with fear	φόβον	with fear	φοβον	\|	—	timore	fear	—	—	φόβον	with fear
μεγανP45		great	μέγαν	great	μεγαν	\|	—	magno	great	ܪܒܬܐ	great	μέγαν	great
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	et	and	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	and	καὶ	and
ελεγονP45		were saying	ἔλεγον	were saying	ελεγον	\|	—	dicebant	they said	—	—	ἔλεγον	were saying
προσP45		to	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	—	ad	to	ܗܘܘ	to	πρὸς	to
αλληλουσP45		each other;	ἀλλήλους·	each other;	αλληλους	\|	—	alterutrum	one another	ܚܕ	each other;	ἀλλήλους	each other;
τισP45		Who	τίς	Who	τις	\|	—	Quis	who	ܠܚܕ	Who	Τίς	Who
αραP45		then	ἄρα	then	αρα	\|	—	putas	do you think	—	—	ἄρα	then
ουτοσP45		this	οὗτός	this	—	\|	—	iste	this	ܡܢܘ	this	οὗτός	this
εστινP45		is	ἐστιν	is	εστιν	\|	—	est	is	ܟܝ	is	ἐστιν	is
οτιP45		that	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	—	quia	that	ܗܢܐ	that	ὅτι	that
καιP45		even	καὶ	even	και	\|	—	et	even	—	—	καὶ	even
οP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ανεμοσP45		wind	ἄνεμος	wind	—	\|	—	ventus	wind	ܕܪܘܚܐ	wind	ἄνεμος	wind
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܝܡܐ	and	καὶ	and
ηP45		the	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
θαλασσαP45		sea	θάλασσα	sea	θαλασσα	\|	—	mare	sea	—	—	θάλασσα	sea
υπακουειP45		it obeys	ὑπακούει	it obeys	—	\|	—	obediunt	obey	ܡܫܬܡܥܝܢ	it obeys	ὑπακούουσιν	it obeys
αυτωιP45		Him?	αὐτῷ;¶	Him?	—	\|	—	ei	him	ܠܗ	Him?	αὐτῷ	Him?
	Next Fragment: Mark 5:1
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	—	et	and	ܘܕܚܠܘ	And	Καὶ	And
εφοβηθησανP45		they feared	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared	εφοβηθησαν	\|	—	timuerunt	they feared	ܕܚܠܬܐ	they feared	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared
φοβονP45		with fear	φόβον	with fear	φοβον	\|	—	timore	fear	—	—	φόβον	with fear
μεγανP45		great	μέγαν	great	μεγαν	\|	—	magno	great	ܪܒܬܐ	great	μέγαν	great
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	et	and	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	and	καὶ	and
ελεγονP45		were saying	ἔλεγον	were saying	ελεγον	\|	—	dicebant	they said	—	—	ἔλεγον	were saying
προσP45		to	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	—	ad	to	ܗܘܘ	to	πρὸς	to
αλληλουσP45		each other;	ἀλλήλους·	each other;	αλληλους	\|	—	alterutrum	one another	ܚܕ	each other;	ἀλλήλους	each other;
τισP45		Who	τίς	Who	τις	\|	—	Quis	who	ܠܚܕ	Who	Τίς	Who
αραP45		then	ἄρα	then	αρα	\|	—	putas	do you think	—	—	ἄρα	then
ουτοσP45		this	οὗτός	this	—	\|	—	iste	this	ܡܢܘ	this	οὗτός	this
εστινP45		is	ἐστιν	is	εστιν	\|	—	est	is	ܟܝ	is	ἐστιν	is
οτιP45		that	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	—	quia	that	ܗܢܐ	that	ὅτι	that
καιP45		even	καὶ	even	και	\|	—	et	even	—	—	καὶ	even
οP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
ανεμοσP45		wind	ἄνεμος	wind	—	\|	—	ventus	wind	ܕܪܘܚܐ	wind	ἄνεμος	wind
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܝܡܐ	and	καὶ	and
ηP45		the	ἡ	the	η	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ἡ	the
θαλασσαP45		sea	θάλασσα	sea	θαλασσα	\|	—	mare	sea	—	—	θάλασσα	sea
υπακουειP45		it obeys	ὑπακούει	it obeys	—	\|	—	obediunt	obey	ܡܫܬܡܥܝܢ	it obeys	ὑπακούουσιν	it obeys
αυτωιP45		Him?	αὐτῷ;¶	Him?	—	\|	—	ei	him	ܠܗ	Him?	αὐτῷ	Him?
	Next Fragment: Mark 5:1
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP45

And

καὶ

And

και

—

and

ܘܕܚܠܘ

And

Καὶ

And

εφοβηθησανP45

they feared

ἐφοβήθησαν

they feared

εφοβηθησαν

—

timuerunt

they feared

ܕܚܠܬܐ

they feared

ἐφοβήθησαν

they feared

φοβονP45

with fear

φόβον

with fear

φοβον

—

timore

fear

—

φόβον

with fear

μεγανP45

great

μέγαν

great

μεγαν

—

magno

great

ܪܒܬܐ

great

μέγαν

great

καιP45

and

καὶ

and

και

—

and

ܘܐܡܪܝܢ

and

καὶ

and

ελεγονP45

were saying

ἔλεγον

were saying

ελεγον

—

dicebant

they said

—

ἔλεγον

were saying

προσP45

πρὸς

προς

—

ܗܘܘ

πρὸς

αλληλουσP45

each other;

ἀλλήλους·

each other;

αλληλους

—

alterutrum

one another

ܚܕ

each other;

ἀλλήλους

each other;

τισP45

Who

τίς

Who

τις

—

Quis

who

ܠܚܕ

Who

Τίς

Who

αραP45

then

ἄρα

then

αρα

—

putas

do you think

—

ἄρα

then

ουτοσP45

this

οὗτός

this

—

iste

this

ܡܢܘ

this

οὗτός

this

εστινP45

ἐστιν

εστιν

—

est

ܟܝ

ἐστιν

οτιP45

that

ὅτι

that

οτι

—

quia

that

ܗܢܐ

that

ὅτι

that

καιP45

even

καὶ

even

και

—

even

—

καὶ

even

οP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

ανεμοσP45

wind

ἄνεμος

wind

—

ventus

wind

ܕܪܘܚܐ

wind

ἄνεμος

wind

καιP45

and

καὶ

and

—

and

ܘܝܡܐ

and

καὶ

and

ηP45

the

ἡ

the

—

ἡ

the

θαλασσαP45

sea

θάλασσα

sea

θαλασσα

—

mare

sea

—

θάλασσα

sea

υπακουειP45

it obeys

ὑπακούει

it obeys

—

obediunt

obey

ܡܫܬܡܥܝܢ

it obeys

ὑπακούουσιν

it obeys

αυτωιP45

Him?

αὐτῷ;¶

Him?

—

him

ܠܗ

Him?

αὐτῷ

Him?

Next Fragment: Mark 5:1

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 4:41

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 4:41

Translation Lineage