The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
επυθετοP45 · P66 · P75 | He inquired | ἐπύθετο | He inquired | επυθετο | | | interrogabat | Interrogabat | ? | ܘܫܐܠ | He inquired | Ἐπύθετο | He inquired | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | — | — | οὖν | therefore | |||||
τηνP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | παρ’ | the | |||||
ωρανP45 · P66 · P75 | hour | ὥραν | hour | ωραν | | | horam | horam | ? | ܐܢܘܢ | hour | αὐτῶν | hour | |||||
παρP45 · P66 · P75 | from | παρ᾽ | from | παρ | | | ab | ab | from/by | ܒܐܝܢܐ | from | τὴν | from | |||||
αυτωνP45 · P66 · P75 | them | αὐτῶν | them | αυτων | | | eis | eis | to them | — | — | ὥραν | them | |||||
ενP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܥܕܢܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ηιP45 · P66 · P75 | which | ᾗ | which | η | | | qua | — | — | — | — | ᾗ | which | |||||
κομψοτερονP45 · P66 · P75 | better | κομψότερον | better | κομψοτερον | | | melius | qua | ? | ܐܬܚܠܡ | better | κομψότερον | better | |||||
εσχενP45 · P66 · P75 | he got. | ἔσχεν. | he got. | εσχεν | | | habuit | melius | ? | — | — | ἔσχεν | he got. | |||||
ειπανP45 · P66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | habuerit | ? | ܐܡܪܝܢ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
ουνP45 · P66 · P75 | They said | εἶπαν | They said | ειπαν | | | et | Et | and | ܠܗ | They said | εἶπον | They said | |||||
οτιP45 · P66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | — | | | dixerunt | dixerunt | said (pl) | — | — | αὐτῷ | therefore | |||||
εχθεσP45 · P66 · P75 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to him | ܐܬܡܠܝ | to him | ὅτι | to him | |||||
ωρανP45 · P66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | — | Quia | because/that | — | — | Χθὲς | that | |||||
εβδομηνP45 · P66 · P75 | Yesterday | ἐχθὲς | Yesterday | εχθες | | | heri | heri | ? | ܒܫܒܥ | Yesterday | ὥραν | Yesterday | |||||
αφηκενP45 · P66 · P75 | at hour | ὥραν | at hour | ωραν | | | hora | hora | ? | — | — | ἑβδόμην | at hour | |||||
αυτονP45 · P66 · P75 | seventh | ἑβδόμην | seventh | εβδομην | | | septima | septima | ? | ܫܥܝܢ | seventh | ἀφῆκεν | seventh | |||||
οP45 · P66 · P75 | left | ἀφῆκεν | left | αφηκεν | | | — | reliquit | ? | ܫܒܩܬܗ | left | αὐτὸν | left | |||||
πυρετοσP45 · P66 · P75 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him | — | — | ὁ | him | |||||
ὁP45 · P66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | dismisit | — | — | — | — | πυρετός | the | |||||
πυρετός.¶P45 · P66 · P75 | fever. | πυρετός.¶ | fever. | πυρετος | | | febris | febris | ? | ܐܫܬܐ | fever. | πυρετός.¶ | fever. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||