The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εανP45 · P66 · P75 | if | ἐὰν | if | εαν | | | quoniam | si | if | ܐܢ | if | Ἐὰν | if | |||||
δεP45 · P66 · P75 | however | δέ | however | δε | | | — | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | however | |||||
τισP45 · P66 · P75 | anyone | τις | anyone | τις | | | lumen | ambulaverit | anyone | — | — | τις | anyone | |||||
περιπατηP45 · P66 · P75 | shall walk | περιπατῇ | shall walk | περιπατη | | | in | in | shall walk | ܕܝܢ | shall walk | περιπατῇ | shall walk | |||||
ἐνP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | nocte | nocte | in | ܒܠܠܝܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τῇP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | |||||
νυκτί,P45 · P66 · P75 | night, | νυκτί, | night, | νυκτι | | | offendet | offendit | night, | ܢܗܠܟ | night, | νυκτί | night, | |||||
προσκόπτει,P45 · P66 · P75 | he stumbles, | προσκόπτει, | he stumbles, | προσκοπτει | | | mundi | — | — | — | — | προσκόπτει | he stumbles, | |||||
ὅτιP45 · P66 · P75 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | because | ܡܬܬܩܠ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
τὸP45 · P66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φῶςP45 · P66 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | lumen | lux | light | ܡܛܠ | light | φῶς | light | |||||
οὐκP45 · P66 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܕܢܗܝܪܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
ἔστινP45 · P66 · P75 | is | ἔστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | — | — | ἔστιν | is | |||||
ἐνP45 · P66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | in | in | ܠܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
αὐτῷ.P45 · P66 · P75 | him. | αὐτῷ. | him. | — | | | ea | eo | him. | ܒܗ | him. | αὐτῷ | him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||