The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εγωP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | I myself | ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | ego | Ego | I myself | ܐܢܐ | I myself | Ἐγώ | I myself | |||||
ειμιP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | am | εἰμι | am | ειμι | | | sum | sum | am | ܐܢܐ | am | εἰμι | am | |||||
οP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | uonus | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
καλοσP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | ποιμην | | | pastor | pastor | shepherd | ܪܥܝܐ | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | |||||
ποιμηνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
οP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | good; | καλός· | good; | καλος | | | bonus | bonus | good; | ܛܒܐ | good; | καλός | good; | |||||
καλοσP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | The | ὁ | The | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | The | |||||
ποιμηνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | ποιμην | | | — | Bonus | shepherd | ܪܥܝܐ | shepherd | ποιμὴν | shepherd | |||||
τηνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ψυχηνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | good | καλὸς | good | καλος | | | pastor | pastor | good | — | — | καλὸς | good | |||||
αυτουP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
διδωσινP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | life | ψυχὴν | life | ψυχην | | | animam | animam | life | ܛܒܐ | life | ψυχὴν | life | |||||
υπερP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | suam | suam | of Him | ܢܦܫܗ | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
τωνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | lays down | τίθησιν | lays down | — | | | dat | dat | lays down | ܤܐܡ | lays down | τίθησιν | lays down | |||||
προβατωνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | for | ὑπὲρ | for | ϋπερ | | | pro | pro | for | ܚܠܦ | for | ὑπὲρ | for | |||||
τῶνP44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
προβάτων.P44 · P45 · P66 · P75 | sheep. | προβάτων. | sheep. | προβατων | | | ouibus | ovibus suis | his sheep | ܥܢܗ | sheep. | προβάτων | sheep. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||