The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | λέγει | He says | λεγει | | | dixit | ait | He says | — | — | λέγει | He says | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | illis | illis | to them; | ܠܗܘܢ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | ὃς | Whoever | ος | | | quicumque | Quicumque | Whoever | ܟܠ | Whoever | Ὃς | Whoever | ||||||
| — | ἂν | maybe | αν | | | dimiserit | dimiserit | maybe | — | — | ἐὰν | maybe | ||||||
| — | ἀπολύσῃ | shall divorce | απολυση | | | uxorem | uxorem | shall divorce | ܡܢ | shall divorce | ἀπολύσῃ | shall divorce | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | γυναῖκα | wife | γυναικα | | | suam | suam | wife | — | — | γυναῖκα | wife | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | — | et | of him | ܕܢܫܪܐ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | aliam | aliam | and | ܐܢܬܬܗ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | γαμήσῃ | shall marry | — | | | duxerit | duxerit | shall marry | — | — | γαμήσῃ | shall marry | ||||||
| — | ἄλλην, | another, | αλλην | | | — | adulterium | another, | ܘܢܤܒ | another, | ἄλλην | another, | ||||||
| — | μοιχᾶται | commits adultery | μοιχαται | | | moechatur | committit | commits adultery | ܐܚܪܬܐ | commits adultery | μοιχᾶται | commits adultery | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | against | επ | | | super | super | against | — | — | ἐπ’ | against | ||||||
| — | αὐτήν. | her. | αυτην | | | eam | eam | her. | ܓܐܪ | her. | αὐτήν | her. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||