The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܢ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | εαν | | | si | si | if | — | — | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | αὐτὴ | she | — | | | mulier | uxor | she | ܐܢܬܬܐ | she | γυνὴ | she | ||||||
| — | ἀπολύσασα | having divorced | — | | | exiet | dimiserit | having divorced | ܬܫܪܐ | having divorced | ἀπολύσῃ | having divorced | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | ἄνδρα | husband | — | | | uiro | virum | husband | — | — | ἄνδρα | husband | ||||||
| — | αὐτῆς | of her | — | | | alium | suum | of her | ܒܥܠܗ | of her | αὐτῆς | of her | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܬܗܘܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | γαμήσῃ | shall marry | — | | | a | alii | shall marry | — | — | γαμηθῇ | shall marry | ||||||
| — | ἄλλον, | another, | αλλον | | | duxerit | nupserit | another, | ܠܐܚܪܢܐ | another, | ἄλλῳ | another, | ||||||
| — | μοιχᾶται.¶ | she commits adultery. | μοιχαται | | | moechatur | mœchatur | she commits adultery. | ܓܝܪܐ | she commits adultery. | μοιχᾶται | she commits adultery. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||