The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
μηP66 · P75 | Surely not | μὴ | Surely not | μη | | | numquid | Numquid | Surely not | ܕܠܡܐ | Surely not | Μὴ | Surely not | |||||
οP66 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | si | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
νομοσP66 · P75 | law | νόμος | law | νομος | | | lex | lex | law | ܢܡܘܤܐ | law | νόμος | law | |||||
ημωνP66 · P75 | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | ημων | | | nostra | nostra | of us | ܕܝܠܢ | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | |||||
κρινειP66 · P75 | does judge | κρίνει | does judge | κρεινι | | | iudicat | judicat | does judge | — | — | κρίνει | does judge | |||||
τονP66 · P75 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
ανονP66 · P75 | man | ἄνθρωπον | man | ανθρωπον | | | hominem | hominem | man | ܡܚܝܒ | man | ἄνθρωπον | man | |||||
εανP66 · P75 | only | ἐὰν | only | εαν | | | non | nisi | only | ܠܒܪܢܫܐ | only | ἐὰν | only | |||||
μηP66 · P75 | unless | μὴ | unless | μη | | | ante | prius | unless | ܐܠܐ | unless | μὴ | unless | |||||
ακουσηP66 · P75 | it shall hear | ἀκούσῃ | it shall hear | ακουση | | | — | — | — | ܐܢ | it shall hear | ἀκούσῃ | it shall hear | |||||
πρωτονP66 · P75 | first | πρῶτον | first | πρωτον | | | audiat | audierit | first | ܢܫܡܥ | first | παρ’ | first | |||||
παρP66 · P75 | from | παρ᾽ | from | παρ | | | ab | ab | from | ܡܢܗ | from | αὐτοῦ | from | |||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | him | αὐτοῦ | him | αυτου | | | ipso | ipso | him | — | — | πρότερον | him | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܠܘܩܕܡ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
γνωP66 · P75 | may know | γνῷ | may know | — | | | cognoscatur | cognoverit | may know | ܘܢܕܥ | may know | γνῷ | may know | |||||
τιP66 · P75 | what | τί | what | τι | | | quid | quid | what | ܡܢܐ | what | τί | what | |||||
ποιειP66 · P75 | he does? | ποιεῖ;¶ | he does? | — | | | fecit | faciat | he does? | ܥܒܕ | he does? | ποιεῖ | he does? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||