The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
μηP66 · P75 | Surely not | μή | Surely not | μη | | | numquid | numquid | Surely not | ܠܡܐ | Surely not | Μή | Surely not | |||||
τισP66 · P75 | any | τις | any | τις | | | de | ex | any | ܐܢܫ | any | τις | any | |||||
εκP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | principibus | principibus | of | ܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
τωνP66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
αρχοντωνP66 · P75 | rulers | ἀρχόντων | rulers | αρχοντων | | | aliquis | aliquis | rulers | ܪܫܐ | rulers | ἀρχόντων | rulers | |||||
επιστευσενP66 · P75 | has believed | ἐπίστευσεν | has believed | — | | | credit | credidit | has believed | — | — | ἐπίστευσεν | has believed | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | on | εἰς | on | εις | | | in | in | on | ܐܘ | on | εἰς | on | |||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܡܢ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
ηP66 · P75 | or | ἢ | or | η | | | aut | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | |||||
εκP66 · P75 | of | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | — | ex | of | ܗܝܡܢܘ | of | ἐκ | of | |||||
τωνP66 · P75 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | de | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
φαρισαιωνP66 · P75 | Pharisees? | Φαρισαίων; | Pharisees? | φαρισαιων | | | pharisaeis | pharisæis | Pharisees? | ܒܗ | Pharisees? | Φαρισαίων | Pharisees? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||