The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εθαυμαζονP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | ergo | Et | and | ܘܡܬܕܡܪܝܢ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | Were marveling | ἐθαύμαζον | Were marveling | εθαυμαζον | | | mirabantur | mirabantur | Were marveling | ܗܘܘ | Were marveling | ἐθαύμαζον | Were marveling | |||||
οιP66 · P75 | then | οὖν | then | ουν | | | iudaei | Judæi | then | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | then | οἱ | then | |||||
ιουδαιοιP66 · P75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰουδαῖοι | the | |||||
λεγοντεσP66 · P75 | Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews | ϊουδαιοι | | | dicentes | dicentes | Jews | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | Jews | λέγοντες | Jews | |||||
πωσP66 · P75 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | quomodo | Quomodo | saying; | ܐܝܟܢܐ | saying; | Πῶς | saying; | |||||
ουτοσP66 · P75 | How | πῶς | How | πως | | | hic | hic | How | ܝܕܥ | How | οὗτος | How | |||||
γραμματαP66 · P75 | this one | οὗτος | this one | ουτος | | | litteras | litteras | this one | ܗܢܐ | this one | γράμματα | this one | |||||
οιδενP66 · P75 | writings | γράμματα | writings | γραμματα | | | nobit | scit | writings | ܤܦܪܐ | writings | οἶδεν | writings | |||||
μηP66 · P75 | knows | οἶδεν | knows | οιδεν | | | qui | cum | knows | ܟܕ | knows | μὴ | knows | |||||
μεμαθηκωσP66 · P75 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | μεμαθηκώς | not | |||||
μεμαθηκώς;¶P66 · P75 | having studied? | μεμαθηκώς;¶ | having studied? | μεμαθηκως | | | didicit | didicerit | having studied? | ܝܠܦ | having studied? | μεμαθηκώς;¶ | having studied? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||