The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | Amen | truly/amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | quippe | ? | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | dico | dico | ? | ܐܡܪ | I say | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν· | to you; | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | ? | ܐܢܐ | to you; | ὑμῖν | to you; | ||||||
| — | ἕως | until | εως | | | — | donec | ? | — | — | ἕως | until | ||||||
| — | ἂν | when | αν | | | donec | transeat | ? | ܠܟܘܢ | when | ἂν | when | ||||||
| — | παρέλθῃ | may pass away | παρελθη | | | transeat | c | ? | ܕܥܕܡܐ | may pass away | παρέλθῃ | may pass away | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανὸς | heaven | ουρανος | | | — | lum | ? | ܕܢܥܒܪܘܢ | heaven | οὐρανὸς | heaven | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܫܡܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | caelum | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | γῆ, | earth, | γη | | | terra | terra | land/earth | ܘܐܪܥܐ | earth, | γῆ | earth, | ||||||
| — | ἰῶτα | iota | ϊωτα | | | iota | jota | ? | ܝܘܕ | iota | ἰῶτα | iota | ||||||
| — | ἓν | one | εν | | | — | unum | ? | — | — | ἓν | one | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | η | | | unum | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | ||||||
| — | μία | one | μια | | | aut | aut | ? | ܐܘ | one | μία | one | ||||||
| — | κεραία | stroke of a letter | κεραια | | | unus | unus | one | ܚܕ | stroke of a letter | κεραία | stroke of a letter | ||||||
| — | οὐ | certainly | ου | | | apex | apex | ? | ܤܪܛܐ | certainly | οὐ | certainly | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | παρέλθῃ | may pass away | παρελθη | | | — | pr | ? | ܢܥܒܪ | may pass away | παρέλθῃ | may pass away | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | a | teribit | ? | ܡܢ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | νόμου | law | νομου | | | transiet | a | from | — | — | νόμου | law | ||||||
| — | ἕως | until | εως | | | lege | lege | ? | ܢܡܘܤܐ | until | ἕως | until | ||||||
| — | ἂν | when | αν | | | donec | donec | ? | ܥܕܡܐ | when | ἂν | when | ||||||
| — | πάντα | everything | — | | | omnes | omnia | all things | ܕܟܠ | everything | πάντα | everything | ||||||
| — | γένηται.¶ | may happen. | γενηται | | | fiant | fiant | ? | ܢܗܘܐ | may happen. | γένηται | may happen. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 5:20 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||