The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܢܫܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | ἄνδρες | men | ανδρες | | | uiri | viri | men | ܐܝܬܝܘ | men | ἄνδρες | men | ||||||
| — | φέροντες | carrying | φεροντες | | | adferentes | portantes | carrying | — | — | φέροντες | carrying | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | upon | επι | | | inducere | in | upon | ܒܥܪܤܐ | upon | ἐπὶ | upon | ||||||
| — | κλίνης | a mat | κλεινης | | | lectum | lecto | a mat | ܓܒܪܐ | a mat | κλίνης | a mat | ||||||
| — | ἄνθρωπον | a man | ανθρωπον | | | hominem | hominem | a man | — | — | ἄνθρωπον | a man | ||||||
| — | ὃς | who | ος | | | qui | qui | who | ܚܕ | who | ὃς | who | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was | ην | | | erat | erat | was | — | — | ἦν | was | ||||||
| — | παραλελυμένος, | paralyzed, | παραλελυμενος | | | super | — | — | ܡܫܪܝܐ | paralyzed, | παραλελυμένος | paralyzed, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | paralyticus | paralyticus | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐζήτουν | they were seeking | εζητουν | | | et | et | they were seeking | ܘܒܥܝܢ | they were seeking | ἐζήτουν | they were seeking | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | quaerebant | quærebant | him | — | — | αὐτὸν | him | ||||||
| — | εἰσενεγκεῖν | to bring in | — | | | eum | eum | to bring in | ܗܘܘ | to bring in | εἰσενεγκεῖν | to bring in | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | in | inferre | and | ܕܢܥܠܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | θεῖναι | to place | θειναι | | | et | et | to place | — | — | θεῖναι | to place | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | — | | | ponere | ponere | him | ܢܤܝܡܘܢܝܗܝ | him | ἐνώπιον | him | ||||||
| — | ἐνώπιον | before | ενωπιον | | | conspectu | ante | before | — | — | αὐτοῦ | before | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | αυτου | | | eius | eum | Him. | ܩܕܡܘܗܝ | Him. | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 5:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||